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| پاکستانی اردو ناول میں پنجابی لفظیات کے استعمال کا مطالعہ :فنی اور ثقافتی تناظر میں(1947تا 2015) | Title: Use of Punjabi Code in Urdu Novel: An Analytical Study in Technical and Cultural Context (1947 to 2015) Abstract: Urdu novel, in its tradition of more than a century, have gone through various stylistic changes. Use of language is one of these aspects which has two further contexts: one is technical and other is cultural. Technical aspect may be explained as use of language in accordance with the nature and environment of locale and characters of the novel and mainly appears in the names of characters, places, things and most importantly in dialogues. Cultural aspect focuses on the cultural and linguistic background of the fiction writer and mostly exhibited in narration of novel which has various conscious and sub- conscious reasons. After conducting literature review and background study including prominent novels, the study is focused on four main novelists of Urdu including Ghulam us Saqlain Naqvi (Mera Gaon), Syed Shabbir Hussain (Jhoke Sial), Mustansar Hussain Tarar (Raakh, Khas o Khashak Zamanay) and Shoukat Siddiqui (Jangloos). The study is conducted using mix method of research mainly including historical research. Comparison and stylistic analysis in linguistic and cultural context is also used as part of research methodology. Findings are presented in narration in concluding chapter as well as in tabulated form as annexures. The study reveals interesting as well as significant differences of use of Punjabi words and phrases by ‘Punjabi Speaking’ writers and ‘Urdu Speaking’ writers in their Urdu novels. Some recommendations for further study are also included at the end. |
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| ادب اور سماجی نفسیات:خیبرپختونخواہ کے منتخب معاصر اردو افسانے میں خوف اور دہشت کی عکاسی | ABSTRACT The title of my Research, Thesis for my M.Phil. Urdu is “Literature and Social Psychology: Depiction of Fear and Terror in the Contemporary selected Urdu Short Story of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa” Study of history tells us that man has been fighting with fear since the beginning of time. Sometimes fear of darkness, sometimes fear of water, sometimes fear of gods and sometimes fear of self. Terrorism has scared people in the present age. This research paper examines the effects of fear caused by terrorism in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Three Urdu fiction writers from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa have been selected for this research, including Jameel Kachu Khel, Yusuf Aziz Zahid and Hamza Hasan Sheikh. These three fiction writers closely observed the changing social demography of this region and described the problems of this region in their fictions. Analytical study of these myths reveals that the people of this region are suffering from various socio-psychological problems due to terrorism. Due to terrorism, the people of this region are facing psychological problems like loneliness, depression, fear, terror, despair and fear. Apart from this, the socio-political conditions of this region also had a profound impact on the literature here. Terrorism and war created new themes in the literature of this region. Which include topics of murder, suicide bombing, target killing, kidnapping, violence and isolation. In this research paper, a review of the literature of this region is also presented. The literature of this region has been examined in the context of various social and political conditions and trends in them have been noted. The major change in the literature of this region is the change in its themes. Apart from this, the social and economic problems of this region have also been reviewed in this research paper. Social problems include hate, theft, ignorance, drugs, violence and homelessness, while economic problems such as unemployment, homelessness, lack of food are imposed on this region. At the end of this research paper, there is a summary review, in which the researcher presents his findings by presenting all the arguments and evidence. In the light of which aspects of further research on the problems of this region have come out. |
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| پاکستانی اردو ناول کے تناظر میں انسانی استحصال کا تنقیدی مطالعہ(2000تا 2018) | ABSTRACT "Novel" is a literary genre that mirrors the sensibilities and idiosyncrasies of the times it is written in. This unique form of literature arrived in the Indian Sub- Continent in the nineteenth century when the region was fighting the War of Independence (1857). The Urdu writers adopted this medium to depict the unjust racialism and bigotry of the British rulers and the resultant suffering, both mental and physical, of the people of the Sub- Continent. After the creation of Pakistan, that suffering, unfortunately, could not be addressed properly and it took the form of sycophancy, hypocrisy and self- aggrandizement. Therefore, the old story of the exploitation of man remained the same. The real task of a writer is to objectively analyze the social truths and to make them palatable to the readers by using his imagination and writing prowess. The true writers have always raised their voice against the conflicts, the turmoil’s and the dehumanizing forces prevalent in their respective ages. The violation of human rights and the race to surpass others in wealth and material possessions have culminated in many existential crises making them the apt themes of the novel. A careful inspection reveals that the human exploitation has always sparked the imagination of the Urdu novelists especially the ones who wrote in early twenty- first century i.e. 2000-2018. The research was conducted regarding their individual perspectives on social and financial abuse leading to man's intellectual manipulation. The study was carried out on how the advancement in science and progress caused unfathomable exploitation and misery of man and how his enhanced mental facilities destroyed his emotions. The Pakistani Urdu novel encompasses these themes effectively. Hence, the topic of the study becomes vitally important. The proposition is basically divided to five chapters for efficient introduction. (In thesis, repetition of names of novels will be seen at various places to explain three basic forms of exploitation.) The primary chapter is related to the fundamental concepts and discourses of abuse as well as the depiction of human misuse within the novel. The momentary chapter portrays the social and political misuse. An endeavor has been made to show the mental abuse of man in the setting of the developing issues of cutting-edge times. Whereas fifth chapter comprises of all the evaluations done in previous chapters. |
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| منتخب پاکستانی اردو ناولوں میں ثقافتی بحران:تحقیقی و تنقیدی جائزہ | ABSTRACT Title:Cultural Crisis in selected Pakistani Urdu Novels: Research and Critical Review Covering the entire society,the novel draws the readerʼs attention to the problems that the society is facing.The development and decline of society has a direct or indirect effect on literature as well as the novelists have mentioned the challenger in the society in a very good way.Social,economic,psychological and spiritual aspects have been reflected.In selected Pakistani urdu novels,the culture crisis has been critically and researched and such aspects have been brought forward from which the effects of modern civilization can be seen in our culture.The importance of topic also increases from the fact that every person has attachment to his predecessors and he is inclined towards innovation by getting rid of their things.Dicussing the styles and themes of different novels in the thesis.The cultural crisis has been presented.In the first chapter,introducing the subject,the basic discussions have been covered,in which the basic discussions and concepts of culture and crisis have been discussed. Chapter two describe the traces of modern civilization on Pakistani society,how modern civilization has affected our values.western influence on our culture is becoming more prominent due to which our values are deteriorating.Its influence has been clarified by the study of our rural and urban life.In the third chapter,the communication,industry,commercialism and consumerism are described through the various characters in the novels,reflecting the economic aspects of the cultural crisis in Pakistani urdu novels.Chapter four discusses other aspects of cultural crisis in Pakistani urdu novels including politics,education,migration and religion. Chapter five contains overall assessment,conclusions and recommendations.This chapter summarizes the first four chapters.An attempt has been made to warp it up.After that,the conclusions have been drawn,while at the end some recommendation have also been made. |
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