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اردو ادب اور میڈیا:نظریہ تواخذ کے تناظر میں غلام عباس کے منتخب افسانوں کی ڈرامائی تشکیل کا تجزیاتی مطالعہ Title: Urdu Literature and Media: An Analytical Study of the Dramatic Formation of Ghulam Abbas Selected Short Stories in the Light of Adaptation Theory. Adaptation is a process in which text is presented in shape of videos. During adaptation, there are some changes are mandatory as the text is not written for videos. Drama holds a prominent place in world literature and is one of the oldest forms of art. Ghulam Abbas is a prominent short story writer in Urdu Literature. His fiction writings portray the social evils of the contemporary society. In the study, his three short stories have been selected on which One Act plays are made. The purpose of the study to analyze those One Act plays under the adaptation theory and what were the effects on society after adaptation. Historical Research Method was adopted to research in the study. All the concerned books and literature was studied for collection of data. Some semi structured- interviews were also conducted. Data was analyzed on the basis of different adaptation theories. All the three One Act plays are harmonized with the original text of the writers. Although there are some avoidable deviations from the text. These deviations were not necessary for screen play or to propagate the themes of the play.
پاکستانی اردو اسفار پر مبنی اردو سفرناموں میں علاقائی ثقافت کی عکاسی Title: Reflection of regional cultures in Pakistani Urdu travelogues Travelogue is a fascinating kind of narrative genre of literature which becomes more appealing by the literary style of its writer. Man has predilection for diversity by nature. He feels boredom and restlessness for being consistently at the same place. Such a nature that avoids monotony tempts him to move on to some other place. Travelogue is an ancient genre of narrative literature which arose because of the fickle nature of man. It is a kind of writing in which a writer presents his personal experiences, observations and feelings by sequencing them. All this stuff is derived from the landscapes and the events of a traveler’s journey. A travelogue writer observes his age with an inquisitive view point. He narrates the way he finds his age. With the help of keen observation, he also brings to the pages what does not happen before his eyes. He accomplishes this complicated task when he is aware of the creative and artistic demand of literature and able to present. The experiences and observation in a stunning manner. Any inadequacy in this regard relation to ability will deprive the writer to produce a good travelogue despite his keen observation. In the travelogue of the past, the trend of history and geography was common. The travelogues in the present times, not only contain information but also the diversity of topics. Besides information, geography, history, culture, civilization, religion, economic and social facts have become part of travelogues. The culture of all provinces of Pakistan is very lively. Every province is a bearer of its own unique culture which is complete in itself as well as different from other provincial cultures. Urdu travel writers not only took interest in the cultures of these territories but also expressed these fully. Study of Urdu travelogue reveals that they contain rich expression of all cultural elements. In this thesis, an effort has been made to look at all those cultural elements which have remained as the manifestation of interests of these travel writers. Moreover, the current study encompasses all such elements as have never been studied in travelogues.
بچوں کا ادب اور تربیت: " تعلیم و تربیت" کا تجزیاتی مطالعہ "Children's Literature and Training: An Analytical Study of Children's Magazine "Taleem o Tarbiat" In a country, the children are the carriers of hope for the future. It is imperative that children get the best possible education in order to create a better society and culture. The Chinese have an adage that goes: "If you are plaining for one year, plant grain; if you are plaining for 10 years, plant trees; if you are plaining for a hundred years, plant children." Children's informal education, which complements the formal education received at school, is heavily dependent on the wide range of reading materials available to them in the home. Children's literature offers a wide range of amusement in addition to the instruction found in traditional textbooks. While the words and phrases presented in children's books are certainly important, how they are presented is perhaps more so. When crafting stories for children, authors and publishers must give careful thought to a wide range of language possibilities, narrative structures, and presentational approaches. Each language has its own set of cultural and social norms. Yet, literature is evolving on a global scale, and Urdu is doing its part to contribute to this field by publishing a number of magazines. The thesis "Children's Literature and Training: An Analytical Study of Children's Magazine "Taleem o Tarbiat" was written as part of a larger research project examining the role of children's magazines in shaping young mind.In this regard,the primary sources children Magazine ix “Taleem o Tarbiat” were studied and analysed the content in them.apart from the primary sources,the books,research articles and thesis written on the education and training of children were also used. There are three main sections to the thesis. The first chapter discusses the education and training of children in accordance with Islamic teachings. In addition, philosophers, such as Lawrence Kohlberg, provide their perspectives on children's moral development. In addition, some background information on the development of children's books in Pakistan is included. “Taleem o Tarbiat”, a literary journal, is briefly described in the conclusion. The second chapter provides an analysis of the training components of the chosen magazine in the context of Islamic teachings. The third chapter examines Lawrence Kohlberg's notion of moral growth in the context of the perspectives of psychologists and philosophers. In conclusion, it was proposed that the magazine “Taleem o Tarbiat” should also take patriotism, historical contents, and children’s’ psychological education into account as a future recommendation.
اردو سلینگ لغات کا تحقیقی و تنقیدی جائزہ(سلینگ کے تصور کی روشنی میں) Urdu features informal, temporal, colloquial, and vulgar vocabulary to describe emotions and feelings, just like other languages around the globe. These expressions are slang. The current work intends to analyze Urdu slang dictionaries critically and explores the distinctiveness and utility of slang in the Urdu language and dictionaries. Under the heading "A Comparative study of Urdu slang dictionaries in the light of Slang," this work selects a novel subject. Slang is a contentious subject, and there have been numerous discussions on how it is actually used in Urdu. To produce more certain, focused, and powerful outcomes, the scholar conduct and presents her study after carefully examining the words classified as slang. Slang in Urdu is a contagious issue that has been attempted to be solved by identifying the fundamentals of English slang services and English slang dictionaries by European professionals. The scholar brings four books ,Awwaleen Urdu slang lughat by Dr Rauf parekh, Urdu slang lughat by qasim yaqoob, Lughaat e Rozmarrah by shams ur Rehman Farooqi,and Lughat ul Awam by Naseer Turabi. The aforementioned dictionaries provide help for the research-based and critical comparison of slang as well as its findings. The five chapters of the work are as follows: the first introduces the subject, its range, a theoretical framework, and the research methods. This chapter also includes talks on the nature of slang, particularly Urdu slang, as well as an explanation of essential words and a brief introduction to slang. The analysis "Slang has been identified in well-known Urdu dictionaries and publications" is presented in the second chapter. A comparative analysis is offered in addition to the examination of slang in Urdu dictionaries. The third chapter provides a comprehensive evaluation of the chosen slang dictionaries for Urdu. The fourth chapter, however, explains how slang is analyzed in the modern society. Common slang in Pakistan, including expressions connected to social media and the Internet, has been recognized for this purpose. Additionally, a variety of its problems have been described and examined. The fifth and final chapter gives the overall results, analysis, and suggestions for further study.
ادب کا سماجی تناظر:مقبوضہ کشمیر کے اردو ناولوں میں ریاستی جبر کی صورتوں کی پیش کش کا مطالعہ Social Context of Literature: A Study of the Presentation of forms of State Oppression in Urdu Novels written in Occupied Kashmir The research topic is related to the study of the presentation of cases of state oppression in Urdu Novels written in occupied Kashmir. Seven decades have been passed since Indian occupation of Kashmir. India increased its powers by increasing the number of security forces to crush the armed struggle for independence that began in the 1990s, which also increased the incidence of repression and violence against the local population of Kashmir.It has been raised all over the world through print and electronic media. A siginificant number of Urdu literature has also been written on the issue of Kashmir and Kashmiri people’s struggle for freedom, which includes novels, fiction and poetry. Under the theme, Naeema Ahmad Mahjoor’s novel “Dehshat Zadi” and Shafaq Sopoori’s novel “Firing Range: Kashmir 1990” have been selected. The thesis consists of four chapters. The first chapter contains the introduction and basic discussions of the subject while the second chapter covers selected novels various forms of state oppression such as human rights violations, genocide abuse of prisoners and repression of Muslim minorities have been studied. The second chapter deals with the depiction of the two major types of violence in the selected novels, physical violence and psychological violence. While in the fourth chapter, the technical resources used by the novelists to depict state oppression and violence, dialogue, scenery, character and narrative have been evaluated.
اردو ادب میں تانیثیت: حمیرا اشفاق کی نثر کا تجزیاتی مطالعہ Title: (Feminism in Urdu Literature: An analytical study of prose of Humaira Ishfaq) Feminism is a movement for women struggling for gender equality in every sector, such as education, politics, and many others. Feminists aim for women's liberation in making various decisions for themselves such as expressing both characteristics of masculine and feminine confidently. The dissertation under consideration deals with the Prose of Dr. Humaira Ishfaq . It is an attempt to reveal her views about feminism in her Short Stories, Novel, Essays and Journals. In this dissertation the Researcher try to find out her views about feminism by reading and analyzing her Prose . In Urdu Literature Dupty Nazir Ahmed was the first novelist, whowrote a novel “Miraat-ul-Aroos” in term of feminism. Mirza Hadi Rusva, Mohammadi Begum etc were the former writers who promoted feminism by their work. Now a days feminism is a hot topic which is using in every field, but nobody understand what is feminism . Purpose of this thesis to uncover the reviews of Dr. Humaira Ishfaq about feminine problems and reasons behind them. The Researcher used Content Analyzing Method. After Analyzing Dr. Humaira Ishfaq Prose , the researcher reach on a point that the writer not only described the stories, she wrote her Short Stories on real lives and experienced them in this realistic world. She told that all the stories she mentioned , she watched them by her eyes. Behind all the stories there is a tradional society who push women behind. In her other books she also revealed the former feminist writers and their work.
اردو ناول میں عدمیت اور لایعنیت:انیس ناگی کے ناولوں کا تجزیاتی مطالعہ(دیوار کے پیچھے،میں اور وہ،زوال) The search for meaning in life has always been a topic of discussion for humanity. Almost all schools of thought have discussed this topic since the birth of man. The nineteenth century is considered to be very important in terms of philosophical ideas. This century brought with it many questions related to all aspects of life, so terms like nihilism and absurdism were born regarding the meaning and meaninglessness of life.In this thesis, an analytical study of Anees Nagi’s selected novels, which include Dewar k Peechy, Main Aur Woh, and Zawal, has been done in the context of absurdism and nihilism. All these novels have an important place in Urdu literature. Novels have been selected that have prominent themes of nihilism and absurdism. Nihilism is a philosophical theory. It is based on one word: nothing. Nihilism in literature refers to an attitude based on religious, political, and social denial of existence. It has many types, like political nihilism, moral nihilism, existential nihilism, religious nihilism, and epistemological nihilism. Absurdism is a philosophical and literary movement that emerged in the mid-20th century. It is based on the idea that human beings exist in a meaningless and irrational universe and that attempts to find meaning or purpose in life are ultimately futile. Absurdism is often associated with existentialism, but it differs in that it emphasises the absurdity of the human condition rather than the search for meaning in it. Elements of absurdism include suicide, philosophical suicide, nonsense plots, black humour, and conflict. The first chapter of this thesis is the introduction and main discussion of the research topic. The second chapter is an analysis of the effects of "nihilism" on Nagi’s selected novels. The third chapter is an analysis of the effects of "absurdism" on the nagi’s selected novels. Fourth is the overall review, followed by results and recommendations. After the completion of this research paper, we have concluded that both nihilism and absurdism discuss the meaninglessness of life, and the effects of these two theories can be seen in the novels of Anees Nagi.
تاریخ بطور افسانہ:اردو افسانے میں گوتم بدھ کے افکار اور کردار کی فکری جہات کا مطالعہ Title: Fictionalizing History: The Study of Thoughts and Character of Gautama Buddha in Urdu Short Stories The proposed research work is based on the depiction of Gautama Buddha’s character and thoughts in Urdu short stories. For the study under this research project the material containing the interrelationship of history and fiction was considered. In the light of this research an explanatory index of legend has been made in which the quality of the legend as well as its connection with the research topic has been marked. This research work consist of four chapters .The first chapter is entitled introduction and Basic discussions.It includes the environment at the time of the birth of Goutama Buddha,introduction of Goutama,teachings and influences of Buddhism,Gautama and urdu literature. The second chapter includes a study of influential Characters from Gautama Buddha.This chapter is further divided into two parts.The first part deals with the study of characters based on name while the second part includes the study of characteristics.The third chapter includes a study of the influence of Gautama Buddha’s thoughts on urdu fiction.This chapter is further divided into four parts.In this chapter an analysis of the legends written under the moral values, philanthropy and philosophical concepts is presented in the light of Buddha’s thoughts. The final chapter consists of overall evaluation, results and recommendations. Due to this research work the readers will get the fictional material related to the character and thoughts of the historical personality Gautama Buddha.
میڈیا اور سماج:میجک بلٹ تھیوری کے تحت ملی نغموں کے اثرات کا تنقیدی مطالعہ “Mass Media’s “Magic Bullet Theory” has been Formulated by Harold Lasswel. This theory is also haumour as “The Hypodermic Needlo Theory”. It is a communication model, used to describe hour the originator of the media message has power to manupulate the intended audience,s perception. The audience must react in an actively passive way to particular content (news/ message). Accroding to this theory ‘The Bullet /Needle” fired from the media , injects the message into the audience head, altering their behavior and psyche in response to the message , which is accepted by the audience, with out suspicion and resiliemce. So, the audience of media message is docile and incapable of resisting the media message. A critical analysis has been conducted on the effects of this theory on Pakistani society. This study examines how national songs from the establishment of Pakistan until 2000, under the influence of the media's magic bullet theory, have impacted Pakistani society. Particularly, it highlights the cultivation of love for their land and armed forces among the Pakistani people. It has instilled a fervent passion for patriotism among Pakistanis. Through these national songs, the media has generated emotions of diminished love for their homeland within the people, fostering a desire for its construction and development. Both in times of war and peace, the media has instigated a spirit of sacrifice for the nation, inextricably linking it to the valor of their armed forces.
اردو تحقیق اور ادبی مجلے:ادبیات،الاقربا کا تنقیدی مطالعہ 2015تا 2020 Literary Magazines play an important role in the promotion of research and criticism. These magazines include research and critical articles on language and literature, samples of poetry and prose, literature commentary on books, features on language and literature issues and the writer‟s opinion on literary and language situation. Not only do they play an important role in promoting research and criticism, they are also the principal source of research and criticism. These magazines familiarize with new research and critical trends. Literary congregation therefore plays a significant role in promoting literary research with language and literature. Adabyaat and Al-Aqrab are among the literary journals which have produced creative works, research and critical services in the twenty and twenty-first century. This article, “Urdu Research and Literary Journals: Critical Study of Adabiyaat and Al-Aqraba” will highlight the research work of these magazines from 2015 to 2020 using content analysis. As part of this process, the articles in these magazines will be critically examined by methodologically, topic-wise and genre-wise.
تاریخیت کے تناظر میں خطوط اقبال کا تحقیقی جائزہ اور عہد حاضر میں اس کی اہمیت This research has been done to critically evaluate “Iqbal Nama”. In this study, Iqbal’s letter which were compiled in two volumes by Shaikh Atta Ullah have been criticaly evaluated. Iqbal's letters have not been examined in the context of historicism before. Historicism is theory that deals with the cultural and social phenomena by the history. Iqbal’s letters have been understood keeping in view the selected elements of historicism, culture, history, and sociology. By studying Iqbal's letters, not only the Pakistan’s movement but also the important situations and events of Iqbal's life have been disclosed. A glimpse of the historical, political, economic, social and cultural conditions of Iqbal's era can be found in his letters. These letters have such diversity of topics that they can be studied in different ways. It is clear from his letters that he played a very important role in the politics of the Indian sub-continent and not only gave a concept of a separate state for the Muslims but also made practical efforts to fulfill it and by writing letters to the Quaid-e-Azam continuously، activating the Muslim League. Iqbal's services to the society cannot be ignored. He awakened the Muslims of the subcontinent from their sleep through his prose and poetry. Ideas of Iqbal were also brought forth openly and according to them, Muslim culture is the best culture. In this research mix methodology have been used. During the research, help was taken about historical research and documentary research methodology. This study finds out many new ideas to overcome the current issues of Muslim Umma.
ادب اور ماحولیات: پاکستانی اردو نظم کا ماحولیاتی تنقیدی مطالعہ(منتخب شعرا کی نظموں کے حوالے سے) Literature and Environment: An Eco-Critical Study of Pakistani Urdu Poems Guided by the underpinning of Eco-criticism, the study investigates various poems of the selected poets and traces how the poets incorporate the features of Eco-criticism. Being influential figures of society, literati, poets and academic researchers bring into their creative ambit the conditions affecting their surroundings. However, it is surprising that Eco-criticism has not been a popular investigative field in Urdu literature in general and poetry in particular. To fill this gap, the current study traces the important aspects of Eco-criticism˗Biocentrism, Bio- community, wilderness, Animism and Eco-feminism. The study finds that Urdu poetry has keenly brought into limelight the core issues of Eco-criticism. It analyses the poems both philosophically and critically. The primary sources are the original poems of the poets, which have been interpreted in the light of the secondary sources obtained from different libraries, books, magazines, the internet and interviews. The critical investigation reveals that the selected poets, through their poetry, not only introduce various dimensions of Eco-criticism, but also extend its scope through different environmental and societal perspectives. The study finds that a poet is a keen observer of his/her surroundings besides presenting his/her intellectual self. Moreover, the poet is well aware of the issue of Eco-criticism, therefore, s/he contributes to the academic field creatively. The study is limited to the selected poets of the Urdu poems and urges the researchers to explore other dimensions of Eco-criticism. It also leaves implications for the future researches, specifically in prose and novel.
کے منتخب اردو تراجم کا تقابلی مطالعہ "Poitics"اردو میں مغربی تنقید کے مآخذ Aristotle’s “Poetics” is the first organized, systematic and independent book on literary criticism and aesthetic theory. Before the publication of poetics only four dialogues of plato, tenth part of the “Republic” and two views of Homer on criticism were available, those too have indirect relation with criticism. Aristotle was the first philosopher, who studied Greek art and literature in detail and deducted literary rules. While writing “Poetics” Aristotle coined some terms which are of great value and are still relevant. Having great importance, “Poetics” has been translated in every major language of the world. Several translations of “Poetics” are available in English Language. When Urdu criticism started to evolve, need for “Poetics” translations was also felt. So, Aziz Ahmed, Dr. Jameel Jalibi, Dr. Muhammad Yaseen and Shams-ur-Rehman Farooqi translated it in Urdu. In this research thesis titled “A comparative study of Urdu translations of “Poetics”, first some basic concepts related to translation and comparative literature are discussed, “Poetics” translators and Aristotle are also introduced, then “Poetics” with its major concepts is studied. After that English source text are compared with Urdu target texts to find out technique and investigate merits and problems of target texts. Next, target texts are compared from the angle of style, technique and terminology to find similarities among those texts. After that the same process is followed to find out differences among target texts. In concluding part of the thesis Urdu translations are evaluated, in suggestions regarding translation and comparative studies are given. One of the most important aspects of “Poetics” is its terminology, that has far reaching impact on literature and that is still relevant today. But problem is that one term has several Urdu translations. So, efforts are put to standardize and unify these terms at the end. This study aims in arriving at the best translation of the “Poetics” by standardizing its terms/ terminology.
کے منتخب اردو تراجم کا تقابلی مطالعہ "Poitics"اردو میں مغربی تنقید کے مآخذ Aristotle’s “Poetics” is the first organized, systematic and independent book on literary criticism and aesthetic theory. Before the publication of poetics only four dialogues of plato, tenth part of the “Republic” and two views of Homer on criticism were available, those too have indirect relation with criticism. Aristotle was the first philosopher, who studied Greek art and literature in detail and deducted literary rules. While writing “Poetics” Aristotle coined some terms which are of great value and are still relevant. Having great importance, “Poetics” has been translated in every major language of the world. Several translations of “Poetics” are available in English Language. When Urdu criticism started to evolve, need for “Poetics” translations was also felt. So, Aziz Ahmed, Dr. Jameel Jalibi, Dr. Muhammad Yaseen and Shams-ur-Rehman Farooqi translated it in Urdu. In this research thesis titled “A comparative study of Urdu translations of “Poetics”, first some basic concepts related to translation and comparative literature are discussed, “Poetics” translators and Aristotle are also introduced, then “Poetics” with its major concepts is studied. After that English source text are compared with Urdu target texts to find out technique and investigate merits and problems of target texts. Next, target texts are compared from the angle of style, technique and terminology to find similarities among those texts. After that the same process is followed to find out differences among target texts. In concluding part of the thesis Urdu translations are evaluated, in suggestions regarding translation and comparative studies are given. One of the most important aspects of “Poetics” is its terminology, that has far reaching impact on literature and that is still relevant today. But problem is that one term has several Urdu translations. So, efforts are put to standardize and unify these terms at the end. This study aims in arriving at the best translation of the “Poetics” by standardizing its terms/ terminology.