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جدید اردو نظم مغربی افکار کے تناظر میں Modern Urdu Poem in the Perspective of Western Thoughts The factors that have been at the very foundation of the formation and making of Modern Urdu Poem at the level of subject and style, have strong influence of Western thoughts on them. Especially after 1857, the Modern Urdu Poem started getting deep and far reaching imprints of various kinds that belonged to the West. These paw marks, since the outset of 20th century, directed the thoughts of the modern poem writers in a newer direction. The topic of this dissertation is "Modern Urdu Poem in the Perspective of Western Thoughts". Seven chapters have been assigned to it and following is the brief introduction: In the first chapter, the d definition of thought' has been discussed with its literal, philosophical and psychological aspects. To explain it further, the external influence on English Literature has been very briefly highlighted. The Western thoughts—Naturalism and Romanticism and their impact on the modern poem is the topic of the Second chapter. Naturalism, with regard to its philosophical and literary references, the first movement by Sir Syed and then later by 'Anjuman Punjab' caused to stir the poem of that time. In third chapter, the influence of Marxist Philosophy on modern poem has been analysed. We, here, discuss how the Dialectical Materialism of Marx and the Russian Revolution (1917) became a good reason of creating ripples in the shape of change in content and variety of style in Urdu Poem. In the fourth chapter, Modernism, the Freudian, Edler and Jung's psychological theories are the focal point. The theory of Existentialism by Sartre also has deep-rooted effects on modern Urdu poem. The viewpoints of Prof. Jeelani Kamran and lftikhar Jalib regarding the language used in the poem in the sixties are the topic under discussion in the fifth chapter. They were basically influenced by Logical Positivism. The contemporary modern poem (1980 to date) is the focus of the sixth chapter. The contemporary poem is the blend of different aspects of post modernism. The last chapter concludes the research study by determining the significance of the Influence of the Western Thought on Modern Urdu Poem.
ڈاکٹر وحید قریشی کی علمی و تحقیقی خدمات The Literary and Research Contribution of Dr. Waheed Qureshi. The specific aim of this Ph.D. thesis is to offer a "school-eye-view" of authentic assessment to the "Literary and Research Contribution of Dr. Waheed Qureshi", as well as assessment strategies that together support high levels of accomplishment on challenging tasks to the Urdu and Persian literature. The cumulative body of this research that is capable of informing interventions. More than 80 books besides research papers were reviewed, which includes poetry, prose, critical writing, Pakistani socio cultural beliefs and values, Ghalib, lqbaliyat, psychological aspects of research and criticism. Theses explore and include a review of the literature on ethnicity and present a critical analysis of literary and research work. Factors affecting the rate and quality of research and interventions are also discussed. Literary and Research work on Urdu Literature has long been concerned with strengthening, but the extent of Dr. Waheed Qureshi research is capable of informing and guiding practice. The thesis divided into eight chapters and concludes with a presentation of the procedure by which research can be linked to the work of the practitioner. Bibliographies are included at the end of each Chapter.
اردو افسانہ اور آزادی اظہار کے مسائل Urdu Short Stories and Freedom of Expression Freedom of expression is the main theme of this thesis which has been tried to be explored in its various forms in Urdu short stories. First chapter discusses definitions, ancient, modern and Islamic concepts of freedom of expression and limitations. A historical overview of freedom of expression along with restrictions imposed in various ages has been taken into account. People who lost their lives in their struggle for freedom of expression have also been discussed in this chapter. This chapter also includes discussion on Russian literature and banned works. Third chapter encompasses freedom of expression, restriction imposed by the state and Urdu short stories starting from Prem Chand and 'Angary' and continues with a discussion on works by progressive movement. During the army rules short story writers, playwrights, poets and authors were detained and exiled. Their jobs were terminated and they were imprisoned on different charges. Religious, gender, psychological and sexual issues and autonomy of opinion is the theme of fourth chapter. Though religion is the ultimate reality but the followers of religion create hindrances in the way of expressing feelings by imposing self-created restrictions. This issue has been discussed along with Pakistani society which is a male dominated society where emergence of such issues is an ancient concept. It was a matter of great concern for researcher to include a discussion on sexual and psychological issue to understand them and discuss ways and means of expressing such feelings in short stories. Fifth chapter discusses differences emerged from class-based society of sub-continent, feudalism, capitalism which resulted in confrontation between landowner and tenants, industrialists and workers. Restrictions surfaced from such issues were highlighted in short stories which make a part of discussion in this thesis. Last chapter presents a comprehensive analysis of freedom of expression in Urdu short stories
اردو افسانے میں مابعدالطبعیاتی عناصر ۱۹۰۱ء تا حال : تحقیقی و تنقیدی جائزہ Chapter 1, 'What is Metaphysics' focuses on basic issues related to metaphysics consequently to its scientific, philosophical and religious interpretations in the backdrop of prevalent scientific concepts about universe, aspects related to time and space and issues of mysticism. After elaborating literal and terminological meanings of metaphysics its definitions in various dictionaries, explanations by different scholars and interpretations through encyclopedias and web sites have been carried out for better comprehension. Since individual, God and universe are three basic fundamentals of metaphysics, therefore, metaphysical elements in its different manifestations and forms related to scientific, philosophical and religious mythologies in through Urdu short stories have been explained. Chapter 2, covers metaphysical elements in Urdu short stories of first period from 1901 to 1936. Evolution and interpretations of creation of life and universe (of this period) have been attempted. An endeavor has been made to trace primitive elements of metaphysics in the writers of Urdu short stories like Rashid-ul-Khairi, Sultan Haider Josh and Prem Chand. In progression, elements of metaphysics emanating from the love for nature of the romantic writers and its influence in early Urdu short stories from novels, folk tales, Hindu philosophies 'Avagavan' and 'Mukti' have been considered. Chapter 3, covers 'Metaphysical Elements in Urdu Short Stories in Second Period from 1936 to 1047'. Novel philosophical interpretation of Carl Marx philosophy and precedence of matter over soul has been analysed. In addition, those metaphysical elements which entered into Urdu short stories under the influence of ideas of Freud and Yong have also been included. Chapter 4, pertains to 'Metaphysical Elements in Urdu Short Stories after Creation of Pakistan'. Causes of revival of romanticism in the fifties have been explained. An analytical appraisal of short stories of important writers has been carried out in the preview of effects of knowledge of existence and new mystical approach. Elucidating effects of different metaphysical philosophies on romantic short stories, metaphysical elements in Greek and Hindu mythologies in short stories of A. Hameed have been indicated. Chapter 5, with the title, 'Metaphysical Elements in Urdu Short Stories from Sixties to-date' deals with new scientific revelations and new discoveries about the universe and existence under the influence of modernism. New background of sensibility has been discussed as how socio-political and cultural environments affect new approach regarding life and universe. Understanding of new dimensions of time and space in the context of Hindi mythology, mysticism and Islamic myths has been done. Analysis of short stories of prominent writers of this era has been carried out. Chapter 6, consists of an overall review of various facets of metaphysical elements with evolving trends in romanticism, mysticism, Hindi, Greek and Islamic mythologies and other religious rituals. In the end findings of entire discussion leading to some recommendations have been included to promote metaphysical elements in Urdu short stories.
اردو ناول کے کلیدی نسوانی کردار Leading/Prominent female characters in the Urdu novel The scope of this study entails two basic elements: the era of the novelists and their works. It encompasses the writings of selected Urdu novelists and their presentation of female characters. The study does not limit itself to any specific period, although it does exclude novels written in India, after Independence. A chronological sequence has been adopted in the selection of writers and only eminent and critically acclaimed novelists have been included. The criterion followed for the selection of characters focuses on their role in the plot of the novel. Central characters about whom no detailed information has been given have been ignored as has been done for novels that do not present female characters. This includes novels which present female characters with the sole aim of developing the story without any specific role being assigned to the character in question. After Independence Hindu-Muslim culture started to lose its commonalities, with the change in the physical and cultural dimensions of both countries along with the religious and political biases. This resulted in a change in themes and styles in the world of Urdu literature. Since Urdu literature divides into two channels, in the aftermath of Independence, the focus of the research is Pakistani literature, and particularly Pakistani novels. Female characters portrayed in "Murat-ul-Uroos" are the hallmark of Muslim culture and that is the sole reason for their inclusion in this study. Since Independence was responsible for the bifurcation of the two cultures, literature written in India — in the post partition era — could not be made a part of the study. Another and more important reason for the exclusion of such literature was the fact that it would not have been in the scope of this study to include female characters from two different cultures. The common culture that developed side by side in the two countries has been taken as the backdrop for the study and comparison of female characters. At the same time care has been taken not to divulge in unnecessary details about the techniques of the writers and only those aspects have been highlighted that are relevant to the topic. This thesis has been divided into nine chapters: The first chapter briefly discusses conventional and traditional perception of women, the emergence of the Urdu novel and the overall development of female characters in Urdu novel. For this reason, female characters in folklore and dastaans have been studied. The second chapter deals with female characters and an in-depth study of the works of pioneer Urdu novelists. Chapter Three highlights Prem Chand's as a novelist and his presentation of female characters in the changing social order. The Fourth chapter is based upon the influence of the Progressive Movement on technique, style and realistic approach in Urdu fiction. Selected novels and their female characters have also been discussed in this chapter. Chapter Five not only touches upon works created after Independence, but also discusses female characters created during the early post-Independence era. The Sixth chapter deals with the depiction of female characters in selected novels written with a social and rural background. Chapter Seven discusses the Pakistani novel and female characters from selected novels. The Eighth chapter deals solely with female writers and female characters from selected novels. These characters, confined within the four walls of their homes, bring forth all the questions and conflicts in the minds of women, revealing sentiments and emotions which male writers have either failed to understand or have otherwise ignored. The Ninth and last chapter concludes the argument with an overall review of Urdu novel, with special focus on the eastern woman and female character representation in Urdu novel.
مکتوبات مولوی محمد حسین آزاد کا تحقیقی اور تنقیدی جائزہ Letters written by famous writers have contributed a great deal in the development of Urdu language and literature. Today, this significantly important type of prose writing is on decline, due to advancement in the field of communication. Hence, communication through letters is being substituted with SMS, MMS, templates and e-mails etc., which are not being preserved for subsequent analysis. So far, letters of only few famous writers have been researched & critically analyzed, for their literary importance. It is in this back drop that the letters of Muhammad Hussain Azad, who is regarded as one of the five important learned persons of Urdu prose writing, have been selected for research and critical analysis. My endeavor was to highlight the ignored aspects of Azad's prose and an effort in this direction has been made through literary analysis of various letters. For ease of understanding, I have segregated my research into six chapters; each one elucidating distinctly, important aspects of my research. The first chapter is about tradition of Urdu letter writing from its infancy till Sir Syed Ahmed Khan. The 2nd chapter discusses the letter writing style of Azad's counter parts, whereas 3rd chapter presents Azad's biography, literary services and style of expression in prose. Fourth chapter focuses on the research of Azad's letters whereas 5th chapter offers critical analysis of his letters and style of letter writing. The chapter also focuses on Azad's biography derived from his letters & Azad's style of letter writing in relation to his overall style of prose writing. Last chapter briefly describes addresses.
جدید اردو نظم کے تناظر میں وزیر آغا کی نظم نگاری Literature embraces different trends and colors of a culture or civilization thus enhancing and glorifying its literary texts. Before the advent of English literature in South Asia, the existing Urdu poem looked like a frozen sheet of water but the revolution of 1857 shattered its surface into slivers prodding Urdu poem to induct new horizons, shades and colors. That was the advent of modern Urdu poem. The thesis encompasses all the domains and dimensions of this genre with special reference to the study of Wazir Agha's poems. Thus there are two main motives of this study. First though, it is true that a lot of literature is found on Urdu poem but unfortunately most of it is in the form of essays and articles and no authenticated researched document is available on modern Urdu poem. This thesis presents a critical analysis of modern Urdu poem, so as to bring into lime light its unique signature. Secondly, a lot has been written on classical Urdu poem but modern Urdu poem has not been ventured enough by the critics and researchers. An effort has been made to present an in-depth study of modern Urdu poem in order to discover the individuality of Wazir Agha's poetic diction and to get acquainted with the insight and outlook of the poet's creative endeavors. The thesis consists of six chapters. The first chapter presents the contextual study of modern Urdu poem. The second chapter shows the analytical study of the poems of Wazir Agha. The third one is on the study of the long poems of Wazir Agha. The fourth chapter focuses on structure, imagery, symbolic expressions and style of the poems of Wazir Agha. The fifth chapter presents the phonological, morphological, syntactic and semantics study of the poems of Wazir Agha. The sixth and the last chapter is a conclusion of the research followed by recommendations.
عبدالحلیم شرر کی غیر افسانوی نثر (تحقیقی و تنقیدی جائزہ) This thesis has been divided into seven chapters. Definition and difference between novel and non-fiction prose has been deliberated upon in the first chapter. Story, novel, drama and tale are part of non-fiction prose. And remaining all kinds like, Seerat, biography, subjects, diction thesis, history, journalism, books etc. are included in non-fiction prose. In retrospect, political and social aspects have also been highlighted so as to ascertain the events and circumstances that led Sharer to write non-fiction prose. Certain movements have been mentioned to identify their effects on Sharer's skills. Topics like beginning of Sharer's literary life and his abilities are also included in the first chapter. Second chapter deals with Abdul Haleem Sharer as a biographer. Commencement and evolution of biography and research and critical analysis of Sharer's biography has been carried out in this chapter. Third chapter discusses Sharer as an essay, composition and dialogue writer. Beginning and evolution of essay and composition and Sharer's relating skills have been researched and analyzed. Distinctiveness in essay writing, dialogue writing, composition writing, the topics and writing style of Sharer has also been evaluated. Sharer has been a great historian and critics. A study of history writing is an art. Motives and objectives of Abdul Haleem Sharer's historical writings and history books written by him have been analyzed in depth. His rank and standing amongst the contemporary historians have also been discussed in the fourth chapter. Fifth chapter relates to Sharer as a journalist. Beginning and evaluation of journalism, Sharer's life as a journalist and research and analysis of various papers & periodicals has been carried out. Discussion on Sharer's standing in Urdu journalism has been discussed here. Sharer's style and protocol as a book writer is quite persuasive. Evolution of letter writing has been briefly touched upon in chapter six. Sharer's letters, topics of effects letters on his personality in the light of these letters, its significance etc. have been included in this chapter. Seventh, the last chapter summarizes Sharer's contribution towards Urdu literature. Beyond doubt, Sharer's contributions can be termed as consecration in the realm of literary circles.
آزاد کشمیر میں اردو تحقیق و تنقید کی روایت The Tradition of Research and Criticism in Azad Kashmir The first chapter contains the Tradition of Criticism & Research and Literature in Kashmir. Since the state of Jammu & Kashmir existed in a form of a unit before 1947, in this chapter the history of research and criticism in Kashmir has been examined briefly. There had been different regions in different time periods in the State of Jammu & Kashmir. The esteemed mystics also made their way to different regions of Kashmir to extend the light of Islam and the people of this area offered the precious services to make different existing languages in Kashmir popular specially Arabic, Persian and Urdu, therefore in this chapter the services offered by Kashmiri Pandits and the research with reference to the honourable mystics has been brought to light. Undoubtedly, Muhammad Din Faruque has a great place in the tradition of research and criticism. Therefore, at the end of this chapter his services in research and criticism have been examined. The title of second chapter is "Tradition of Urdu Research and Criticism in AJ&K". This chapter has been divided into four parts. In first part the background of the causes of the establishment of the government of Azad Jammu and Kashmir has been given. In this perspective the conditions and events have been examined which became the cause of the division of Kashmir and establishment of Independent Government, while in the other part of this chapter, an attempt has been made to describe those elements which became the cause of development of research and criticism of Urdu in Azad Kashmir. In these co-elements literary committees, different educational and literary magazines, institutions and personalities are included. The role played by Professor Mehmood Hashmi, Dr Sabir Afaqi, Dr Ghulam Hussain Azhar, Professor M Akram Tahir, Dr Iftikhar Mughal, Syed Mehmood Afzal, Dr M Saghir Khan and Dr Shafiure Anjum has also been brought to light. Third chapter is about the publicized efforts in Urdu research. The chapter has been divided into four parts. In first part it has been analysed that how much and what kind of research has been done. The title of second part is 'Biographical Research'. In this part, the biographies which were arranged about the literary, religious, political, social and about women personalities have been studied. The third part is about the linguistic research in Azad Kashmir while in the last part the research done about Kashmir has been given. There are three aspects of this research i.e. history of Kashmir, Kashmir problem and the research about different tribes live in Azad Kashmir. In thesis, Chapter 4 is included with the name "Tradition of Urdu Criticism in Azad Kashmir". In the region Urdu criticism is merely in literary form. Therefore, in the beginning of this Chapter those books have been analysed which were published on literary topics. Urdu criticism in Azad Kashmir is in scattered form as in flaps, the comments on books, prologues and prefaces, therefore it has also been analysed. At the end of this chapter those personalities have also been mentioned who are included in Urdu criticism unlike Urdu research. In the fifth chapter, the overall analysis of Urdu research and criticism in Azad Kashmir has been presented. Along with this the standard of research and criticism has also been judged in the region. In the end, a few recommendations have also been given deriving the conclusions from all those discussions by acting upon which we can get the perfect help in developing Urdu research and criticism in Azad Kashmir and its standard can also be exalted.
پاکستانی اردو شاعرات پر بیسویں صدی کی ادبی تحریکوں کے اثرات Effects of 20th Century Literary Movements on Pakistani Urdu Poetesses The aim and objective of this research is to analyse the poetry of those female poetesses whose thoughts and ideas were influenced by the literary movements of 20th century. The 1st chapter is a brief description of the evolution of female poetesses under the social, cultural and literary influences of the sub-continent. The 2nd chapter is an analysis of those female poetesses who were influenced by the romantic movement. The 3rd chapter is an introduction of progressive movement along with an in-depth study of those female Poetesses whose poetic creation is a strong reflection of the mainstream of progressive movement. The 4th chapter deals with "Halqa-e-Arabic-e-Zauq" (a literary foram) and its influence on their poetry under modernism and post-modernism. The 5th chapter is about feminism, its evolution and development and its influence on the poetry of those poetesses who were influenced by it. The 6th chapter is the conclusion of the thesis followed by recommendations for further research.
پاکستانی جنوبی پنجاب میں اردو شاعری کا ارتقاء: آغاز تا ۲۰۰۰ Evolution and Development of Urdu Poetry in Pakistani Southern Punjab (Beginning to 2000) Indus valley civilization was one of the most ancient civilization in the world and present Southern Punjab was its cradle. Multan and Uch were eminent cultural, commercial and political centers of this civilization in pre-Arian and post-Arian period Rig Ved, the oldest Hindu scripture was written in this area. The advent of Muslims in Subcontinent further enhanced its socio-political importance. During the period of Sultanate of Dehli Sufis from Arab, Iran and Central Asia arrived and settled in Multan and Uch. They established educational institution and spread their humanitarian philosophy all over the Subcontinent. The focus of their philosophy was peace, fraternity and equality amongst the people of India. At that time a new linguafranca evolved out of the amalgamation of Arabic, Persian and Turkish with local languages. This linguafranca was initially called Hindvi and finally Urdu. The linguistic medium of preaching of the Sufis was this newly evolved linguafranca. Afterwards this new language reached Dehli and Deccan with Muslim soldiers and Sufis. In this context the literary works of Baba Fareed and Ameer Khusro possess a prominent place in the history of Urdu language and poetry. Having acquired the status of the Capital of India in Sultanate of Dehli and subsequent Muslim history, Dehli became culturally and intellectually powerful enough to influence the literary genius of the Subcontinent. Quite obviously these literary trends approached Southern Punjab and affected poetic sensibility of the area. In colonial period the Southern Punjab was very well linked with other literary centers of India like Dehli, Lucknow and Hyderabad. The literary works of the poets of Southern Punjab were appreciated to a great extent in these literary centers. After the creation of Pakistan till 2000, all the literary movements and trends influenced the whole country, as will as the Southern Punjab. During this period the Southern Punjab remained prominent. This thesis not only encompasses cultural, political, economic and educational history but also covers all the literary services, the Southern Punjab has rendered to the national and international planes.
جدید اردو نظم میں سیاسی شعور (ن-م-راشد، فیض احمد فیض، مجید امجد اور منیر نیازی کے خصوص حوالے سے) If we look at the 20th century with a historical perspective, it becomes evident that this era has been of political chaos. In the sub-continent, similar to the rest of the world, new colonization seems to be coming to an end in this area too. As a result, political awareness, freedom movements and ideological associations seem to be at their peak. Urdu poem also entered into its modern era in this period. The sub-continent and its people were affected by the changes in the world of political horizon on one hand and saw the changes of in the local political on the other. Urdu poem has shown a complete awareness of the changing world scenario like other genres of literature, in which the political angle is very evident. The question is how this political awareness is highlighted the modern Urdu poem and how the style and theme of poem get affected by it. In the journey of political awareness in poem, four representative poets have been selected which include Noon Meem Rashid, Faiz Ahmed Faiz, Majeed Amjad and Munir Niazi. Thesis has been divided in to 6 chapters: In the first chapter the introduction of topic, statement of the problem delimitation and research procedure have been explained. After that the basic thoughts related to literature and politics have been discussed the relationship between politics and literature has been tried to be established. Then tradition of political awareness in Urdu poem from the beginning till lqbal, has been considered as a prologue study. In the last part of the chapter, those political and social conditions in the beginning of 20th century have been described which are the reasons of the development of the political awareness of the poets under consideration. In the second chapter, background of Noon-Meem Rashid's poetry has been briefly discussed. The second part of the chapter has been used for the study of political thoughts in the poems of Noon-Meem Rashid. The political and social background of Faiz Ahmed Faiz's poetry has been described in the 3rd chapter and then the analysis of Faiz's poems has been done in the light of political awareness. The analysis of Majeed Amjad's poetry is done in 4th chapter and that of Muneer Niazi is done in the 5th Chapter. The 6th Chapter of the thesis consists of the overall description of the political awareness in the poetry of the poets under research the conclusion and the results of the research has been presented at the end of this chapter and same suggestion and recommendation have also been made.
ڈاکٹر وزیر آغا کی علمی و ادبی خدمات (تنقید کے حوالے سے) I have attempted to analyse, evaluate and critically appreciate the outstanding contribution of Dr. Wazir Agha to literary criticism and research in Urdu. Born in the village of Wazir Kot in Sargodha in 1922, he entered the world of literature in 1948 when his poems were published in the then famous literary magazine "Adbi Dunya". Agha is a poet, essayist and critic. He has produced more than 40 prose books. Among these prose writings 17 books relate to literary criticism in Urdu. His fame is primarily based on his Urdu Shairy Ka Mizaj that presents an in-depth study of the South Asian Muslim culture which nurtured Urdu poetry. I have divided my study into 6 chapters. First chapter gives an over view of the origin and development of literary criticism in Urdu, up to the time when Dr. Wazir Agha entered into the realm of Urdu criticism. This chapter also deals with the formative phase of Dr. Agha's literary temperament. In the next five chapters I have tried to give a critical appreciation of Dr. Agha's major works i.e "Nazam-e Jadid ki Karwatain", "Urdu Shairy ka Mizaj", "Takhleeqi Amal", "Galib ka Zauq-e-Tamasha", "Tasawraat-e-Ishq-o-Khird__Iqbal ki Nazar Mein", "Urdu Adab Mein Tanz-o-Mazah" and several volumes of collected essays in literary criticism. I have also made an attempt to explore as to what extent Dr. Agha's theoretical formulations as well as practical criticism has influenced contemporary generation of Urdu creative writers. According to my estimation his impact on contemporary literature is immense. The last chapter presents a comprehensive overview of Dr. Agha's contribution to literary criticism and literary research in Urdu literature.
ڈاکٹر وزیر آغا کی علمی و ادبی خدمات (تنقید کے حوالے سے) I have attempted to analyse, evaluate and critically appreciate the outstanding contribution of Dr. Wazir Agha to literary criticism and research in Urdu. Born in the village of Wazir Kot in Sargodha in 1922, he entered the world of literature in 1948 when his poems were published in the then famous literary magazine "Adbi Dunya". Agha is a poet, essayist and critic. He has produced more than 40 prose books. Among these prose writings 17 books relate to literary criticism in Urdu. His fame is primarily based on his Urdu Shairy Ka Mizaj that presents an in-depth study of the South Asian Muslim culture which nurtured Urdu poetry. I have divided my study into 6 chapters. First chapter gives an over view of the origin and development of literary criticism in Urdu, up to the time when Dr. Wazir Agha entered into the realm of Urdu criticism. This chapter also deals with the formative phase of Dr. Agha's literary temperament. In the next five chapters I have tried to give a critical appreciation of Dr. Agha's major works i.e "Nazam-e Jadid ki Karwatain", "Urdu Shairy ka Mizaj", "Takhleeqi Amal", "Galib ka Zauq-e-Tamasha", "Tasawraat-e-Ishq-o-Khird__Iqbal ki Nazar Mein", "Urdu Adab Mein Tanz-o-Mazah" and several volumes of collected essays in literary criticism. I have also made an attempt to explore as to what extent Dr. Agha's theoretical formulations as well as practical criticism has influenced contemporary generation of Urdu creative writers. According to my estimation his impact on contemporary literature is immense. The last chapter presents a comprehensive overview of Dr. Agha's contribution to literary criticism and literary research in Urdu literature.