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رفاقت جاوید کے ناولوں میں سماجی اصلاح کے پہلو: تجزیاتی مطالعہ ("رنگِ خلش"، "حوا کے روپ ہزار" اور " ریشم کے دھاگے" کے حوالے سے" Rafaqat Javed has emerged to be one of the leading novelists of the contemporary era. she began her literary journey with the novel "Safar-e-Jaavedaan" which was publish and publicised inn 2011. Her novels have beenpublished quite a time in the magazine named "Pakeeza maahnaama". her novels have gained much repute of fame uptil now. her novel
محمد عاصم بٹ کے ناولوں "ڈائرہ" اور " بھید" میں لاہور بطور پس منظر: تجزیاتی مطالعہ The topic of my MPhil thesis title is: “LAHORE AS BACKGROUND IN THE NOVELES“DAIRA” AND “BHAID” BY ASIM BUTT AN ANALYTICAL STUDY” Daira and BHAID are both contemporary novels that represents Lahore and Punjabi culture. Asim butt has described all the physical and psychological aspects and demographic variations of his best level. This thesis has been divided into four chapters whose details is as under: Frst chapter is titled” The topic of research and basic subjects”. This chapter is consist of biography and literary activities of Asim butt who is the writer of both noveles.This chapter also elaborates the particular culture of Lahore. Second chapter titled “Places or points of lahore in the noveles “DAIRA” AND “BHAID” BY ASIM BUTT an analytical study.At the end it evaluate the presentational diffrences. Third chapter titled “Chracters os Lahore in the noveles “DAIRA” AND “BHAID” BY ASIM BUTT an analytical study. Forth chapter shoes the overall view of previous discussion and at the end presents research results and offers suggestions and recommendations.
سیدہ پروین زینب سروری کی مذہبی شاعری: فکری و فنی جہات کا مطالعہ ("تسبیح نور"، "حریم نور" کے حوالے سے) This is a study of intellectual and artistic aspects of religios poetry of Syeda Parveen Zaineb Sarwari. She not only wrote Hymn, Naat but also wroteitten Manqabat and Manajaat.Her two religious poetry books; Tasbeeh e Nur and Hareem e Nur, have been analysed in this research. Religious poetry plays vital role in shaping religiou creeds. There are a large number of people in human society who, after listening to, understanding and reading pure religious poetry, have incorporated themselves into the realm of Islam. This is a documentary research in which contents analysis have been taken. Religious poetry has always been a part of every society. Syeda Parveen Zainab Sarwari's poetry is valuable and enviable which needs to be conveyed to the common man so that more and more people can benefit from it, and the new aspects of Syeda Parveen Zainab Sarwari's religious personality can be awakened.
اردو تنقید میں ما بعد جدیدیت کے نظری مباحث: تنقیدی و تقابلی مطالعہ (ڈاکٹر گوپی چند نارنگ، ڈاکٹر ناصر عباس نیر اور عمران شاہد بھنڈر کی توضیحات کے تناظر میں) Urdu critics have put forward a variety of discussions to understand the basic insights of postmodernism. In the light of these discussions, each critic has his own unique and distinct point of view. As a result, post-modern theoretical discourses have become tangled for the average reader. Therefore, postmodernism in Urdu criticism has been plagued by contradictions and differences from the very beginning. But in spite of all these, there are some commonalities. In the light of these contradictions and commonalities, it is important to critically study the views of selected critics regarding postmodernist theoretical discourses. In this regard, Dr. Gopi Chand Narang, Dr. Nasir Abbas Nayyar and Imran Shahid Bhindar were selected. Various Urdu critics have tried to understand the ideas of postmodernism in their own way. However, there is a difference in the way they think, explain, and present their thoughts. This difference can sometimes lead to ambiguity and confusion. Therefore, it was necessary to review the post-modern understandings of these critics of Urdu through a comprehensive research process. In Urdu criticism, not only the mysticism of the author's caste is no longer the aim, but also the search for a central meaning has been the aim of the critique. Has given the author becomes independent of the text after creating it. And the understanding of the text is now at the discretion of the reader as to how he perceives it. And each reader has the right to unravel the text in his own way. Some texts combine text to text to highlight the issue of intertextuality, which gives rise to a plurality of meanings. In the article under review, these issues have been discussed in the context of the writings of selected Urdu critics.
محمدالیاس کےناولوں میں سماجی شعوراورعصری مسائل (بحوالہ خصوصی"کُہر"اور"حبس") Literature is a true reflection of any society. Society is made up of diverse elements. Coherence and moderation in these elements guarantee the survival of the society. The beauty of any society lies in the presence of its diverse units. Under the ever-changing conditions, there is a change in the functioning and thinking of these units which is the cause of the evolution of society. But in practice, when the elements of society lose moderation and move towards any intellectual or practical extremism, social deterioration occurs. The reasons for which are different in every age. A good writer is a part of the society of his time and he not only exposes these causes and their motives but also helps in understanding them and shows the way to balance them. This aspect of the writer is his contemporary consciousness. Muhammad Ilyas is one of the prominent contemporary writers of this line of writers. In their works there is a deep understanding and modern awareness of the social situation of the present age. The social problems of the modern age, whether they are the result of religious, economic, social, linguistic, regional and political conflicts, or the changing cultural values, are the subject of Muhammad Ilyas. In view of this aspect, the title of this article is "Muhammad Ilyas kay Navlon Main Samaji Shaoor Or Asri Msail". In this Thesis, we will make a critical and research study on the social consciousness and contemporary issues of Muhammad Ilyas's two selected novels "Kohr" and "Habs" on the same basis and see in his novels the understanding and presentation of the social and modern situation.
رشید امجد کے افسانوں میں جبر اور خوف کے عناصر: تجزیاتی مطالعہ ("دکھ ایک چڑیا ہے " کے افسانوں کے حوالے سے) Rasheed Amjad is the most prominent name in Urdu literature. For six decades, he has made every aspect of his era and society as his subject. Rasheed Amjad writes of uncomfortable moments amidst the breakdown of the changing system.The problems of contemporary life are well depicted in his fiction.He has described the tragedies of society his special subject.He illustrates the depressed people.These are real pictures of a society mired in problems of determinism and fear. In Rashid Amjad's subjects, there is a process of retrieval instead of a process of discovery. This retrieval is part of their myths in historical, cultural, social and psychological terms. His stories contain a complete philosophy of life. Rasheed Amjad's philosophy of life and death, the state of uncertainty, the continuity of the nonexistent from the present, the external and internal situation, the conflict of authority and powerlessness, the state of reflexes are made special topics. In which there is a combination of external and internal life. His fictions also represent the modern life of the individual. Whose social and psychological perspectives are viewed from new angles in this article. Their characters are suffering from social chaos, anguish, determinism, and fear which are reflections of our society. Also, in his fiction, themes such as change in social and human attitudes, division of family system, and internal collapse with relationship breakdown, depression, anxiety, and loneliness are prominent. These stories specifically point out how the individual suffers from coercion and fear due to mechanical progress. At the mechanical level, the collision of entry and exit is made part of the story on psychological grounds. The article under review looks at the situation of determinism and fear in Rashid Amjad's fictions from a social and psychological perspective. Keeping in view the subject research, the basic source " "دکھ ایک چڑیا ہےhas been studied. The text of the fiction goes through an analytical process in the prescribed context, marking the effects of the subject. Discussions of the three books of philosophy, while discussions of the theories of Freud and Zhang, have been considered for understanding the social andix psychological meaning of determinism and fear. Apart from this, dictionaries and various discoveries have also been used. The situation of determinism and fear in Rasheed Amjad's fictions and the presentation has been examined in a socio-psychological context keeping in view the discussions of scholars. The social and psychological aspects of determinism and fear have been marked with the reading of critical books on the personality and art of Rasheed Amjad and critical books on fiction.
خیبر پختون خوا کے اُردو افسانے میں دیہی معاشرت کی عکاسی This study analyzes the causes of the different styles and productions of the given writers. It presents an evaluative study of the fictions of all those translators who depicted the reflections of the rusticity of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in their translations. It employed a documentary analytical procedure and sorted out libraries and other modern sources for the collection of thematic data. It aims at exploring the rustic elements and their representations in the fiction genre of the selected writers in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. It is significant because it covers the culture as a costume of any nation and society, which embraces all such as religion, beliefs, knowledge, moralities, traditions, art, customs, and conventions. It investigates about the rural culture and traditions of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa as an important subject of fiction the given writers. Eighty percent of our population resides far away from cities in the rural setups. Almost all the rural societies are agrobased, therefore, they are considered as the backbone of our economy. This is the reason that short story writers of this region have insightfully portrayed about natural beauty and rural environment. Other appealing aspects of nature like the flora and fauna, gushing rivers, spring, lakes byfaths, agricultural fields and pastures are celebrated to.The peasantry, their sorrows, love, affection, valor, ego, HUJRA culture, vengeance, romance and social problems have also been profusely highlighted in their writing. In short, every sphere of life is diligently depicted.Like other literary scholars, fiction writers of this region have chosen their themes and characters based on rural setups. With their distinctive approach and style, they have presented social issues to make aware and educate the readers. One of the aspects that is common between all of them is the presentation of rural setup .Almost every short story writer of this region is portrayed the beauty of nature in their stories
آمنہ مفتی کے ناولوں کا ما حولیاتی تنقیدی مطالعہ Amna Mufti holds a prominent position in the genre of Urdu literature. She has made a name for herself in literary circles in a very short period, as a play writer, novelist, columinist and teacher. The concept of Ecocriticism is incepted with the evolution of Urdu literature. Though this concept was never given any priority at the earlier stages, however, several scholars have been pondering upon the philosophy of ecocriticism. Therefore, this study defines and justifies the concept of ecocriticism and its evolution throughout the historical timeline. Moreover, this study aimed at looking at the content of the novels in order to determine the contextualization of the work, done by Amna Mufti. In this regard, this study will employ the content analysis research tool, which shall regulate the qualitative connotation of the content. The chapterization of the research has been designed in the following manner: • The first chapter of this study critically discusses the overall profile of Amna Mufti and her contribution to Urdu literature. • The second chapter is focused upon Amna Mufti’s work under the ecocriticism philosophical concept. The literature, written by Amna Mufti includes her two novels; Jurat e Randaana and Akhri Zamana. • In the third chapter, the study elaborates Amna Mufti’s 3rd novel Pani Mar Raha Hai. The discussion on the said topic is followed by an arrangement, to which the Ecocriticism elements in the novel, have been treated. • In the forth chapter, the study discusses Eco feminism vis-à-vis Amna Mufti’s literary work. The the 1st part of the chapter, the relationship between Ecocriticism and feminism is to be discussed. The study contends that Ecofeminism is a branch of feminism on the one hand and Ecocriticism on the other. The entire discussion of the above mentioned four chapters is to be a conclusion with the conclusion section, which shall sum up the entire core literature.
تجزیدیت (Abstractionism) اور ماورائے حقیقت (Surrealism) ، نظری مباحث اور اطلاق: انور سجاد کے منتخب افسانوں کا تکنیکی مطالعہ Abstractionism and Surrealism are two modernist trends and techniques used in literature, in early 20th century, priorly used in Art of Painting.These techniques have a great impact of Freud’ “Theory of Unconsciousness” and “Theory of Psychoanalysis”.In western fiction and then in Urdu fiction writings,these techniques used to achieve the reality of psychology of humans,their desires,thinking’s,fantasies which a human cannot express publically due to the societies restrictions, should be expressed at individual level without any restrictions.Abstractionism and Surrealism have some techniques as stream of consciousness, free Association of thoughts.Dreamy,Ambiguity and Soliloquy to express the hidden realities of human unconsciousness.My research investigates, how Abstractionism and Surrealism affected by the theories of Freud’s and how it affects fiction writing in literature, specifically, Urdu short stories of Anwar Sajjad, in mid of 20th century. And why abstractionism and surrealism could not make its place in Urdu fiction writing and was unacceptable because of its non-story trait, characters without names, no concept of time and place, abstraction and its unrealistic approach towards life including semilarities and differences between these both trends. The study has been divided into four chapters. First chapter presents, the origins of abstractionism and surrealism, their psychological and literary background, techniques and the criticism of selected critiques on modern Urdu short story writing. Second chapter presents, the implementation of abstractionism on selected short stories of Anwar Sajjad.Third chapter presents, the implementation of surrealism on the selected short stories of Anwar Sajjad.These short stories are taken from the collection of short stories books “Choraha”,“Istarey”and“Aaj”.Forth and last chapter presents, concluding analysis of research including research overview, results and recommendations.
جون ایلیا کی شاعری میں تشکیک اور مغائرت کے عناصر: تجزیاتی مطالعہ Post modernism is a complicated concept. Its dimensions are not clear but its major components, absurdism, nehlism, anarchism and elienation are present in Jaun Elia's poetry. Thefore the researcher has chosen some of these concepts to analyze Jaun Elia's Poetry. According to post –modernists history has been written by the order of power, even knowledge has been considered power but western scholars have laid foundation of modern knowledge on the their priorities. Knowledge is subjective. There is no universal truth. The meaning or truth that we derive from certain things is not a stable meaning or truth but in our mind there is no such stability and the meaning we get from such play of signifiers is just a trace that is left behind, the chain of signifier does not produce a stable meaning rather a never ending postponement of meaning or truth. Foucault gave the concepts of episteme, power and discourse. Every era has its own episteme, it can be a reference for another era. Foucault talks about crime, body, gender and madness and argues that western discourse is madness. If power and discourse join forces then we can hope for change. Another important person in postmodernism in Neitschze. He argues that the existential crisis shouldn't be just cured rather destroyed fully. This nihilist approach became the foundation of postmodernism. Jean-Francois Lyotard is of the view that knowledge is gained from experiment, analysis, argument and facts. Therefore no past knowledge is universally accepted and modern westen knowledge is faulty too because it is all constructed on the matrix of power. Metanarratives have given way to oppression and dictatorship. Truths are micro, time bound and native.
مذہبی اور داستانوی افکار کا فنکارانہ اظہار:خلیل جبران اور انتظار حسین کا تقابلی مطالعہ Comparative research, simply put, is the act of comparing two or more things with a view to discovering something about one or all of the things being compared. This technique often utilizes multiple disciplines in one study. When it comes to method, the majority agreement is that there is no methodology peculiar to comparative research. The multidisciplinary approach is good for the flexibility it offers, yet comparative programs do have a case to answer against the call that their research lacks a "seamless whole’’. Religion, Sharia all these words mean "path". The word religion is used for it which is the Italian word Religio which means "restraint and prohibition". A narrative, story or tale is any account of a series of related events or experiences, whether nonfictional (memoir, biography, news report, documentary, travelogue, etc.) or fictional (fairy tale, fable, legend, thriller, novel, etc.).Narratives can be presented through a sequence of written or spoken words, still or moving images, or any combination of these. The word derives from the Latin verb narrare (to tell), which is derived from the adjective gnarus (knowing or skilled).Along with argumentation, description, and exposition, narration, broadly defined, is one of four rhetorical modes of discourse. More narrowly defined, it is the fiction-writing mode in which the narrator communicates directly to the reader. The school of literary criticism known as Russian formalism has applied methods used to analyse narrative fiction to non-fictional texts such as political speeches. Intizaar Hussain's father was a religious figure and a religious man who would never deviate from the principles of religion. He adhered to religious values and slogans so strictly that even if he was called a fundamentalist, it will not happen and Intizaar Hussain himself has called this attitude fundamentalism in today's context. He was such a strict Muslim that he considered reciting poetry to be a crime. We also find a lot of use of religious values and slogans in the case of Khalil Jibran. The reason for the use of these religious metaphors and symbols is the religious imprint and religious color on his mind. Jibran has been close to religion since his childhood. However, the mother was also a religious woman who filled Gibran with closeness and love of religion by telling him religious folk tales and religious songs and prayers. The comparison takes into account the time, education, domestic situation, pre-migration and post-migration time and environment of the two fiction writers and the comparison is advanced in contexts as the comparison is not only between two human beings or two fiction writers. However, the comparison also highlights the values and lifestyles of two civilizations, two cultures and the nations of the two countries and the similarities and differences between the thinking, writing, reading, eating, drinking and liking of the people of the two nations. That is why the fictions of both fiction writers were examined and it was seen that the echo of religious elements in the fictions of Jibran has been a special subject of their fictions and short stories. Comparing the anecdote (Tale and Story), if the fictions of the two short story writers are looked at from a anecdotic point of view, then in the anecdotic series, Intizaar Hussain is known as a great short story writer than Khalil Jibran. Both short story writers examine the religious elements of social values, the concept of life, the existence of man, the purpose of human life, the social character of man, the concept of sin and reward, the concept of retribution, personal attributes and every aspect of moral values has been discussed.
پاکستانی اردو نظم میں ایرانی تہذیب کے اثرات (ن م راشد اور اختر حسین جعفری کی نظم کے حوالے سے) In the different regions of the globe, various cultures emerged at different times. The Hindi culture flourished in the subcontinent. The foreign attacks also influenced this culture immensely from multiple perspectives. In the west of Hind, the Iranian culture had been on peak. The Iranians had been the part of Aryans and the blood of Aryans had been the part of the natives of Hind. But the culture of both are different from each other. The influence of Iran on the culture of Hind manifests itself at two levels i.e. pre Islam and post Islam eras. The post Islam impact had been in vogue in the subcontinent roughly for ten centuries and the Muslims had been the rulers of the region during this era. That is why, its impacts had been universal. The current research study examines the impact of Iranian culture on Pakistani poem. The study is divided in six chapters. The First chapter deals with the discussion on basics of culture and elements of Iranian culture. In the Second chapter, the cultural bonds of Iran and the subcontinent, the linguistic and literary influence of Iranian culture on Urdu literature and under its influence the traditions of Pakistani Urdu poem have been discussed briefly. The Third chapter presents philosophical impact of Iranian culture on the poems of N. M. Rashid and Akhtar Hussein Jafri. The Fourth chapter focuses on the impact of Iranian culture on artistic features of the poem of N. M. Rashid and Akhtar Hussein Jafri. In the fifth chapter, the differences and similarities between these two parts have been highlighted. Chapter Six consist of the conclusion, findings and recommendations. The research question have also been revisited whether they are addressed appropriately.
دبستان راولپنڈی اسلام آباد میں معاصر آزاد نظم:تحقیقی و تنقیدی مطالعہ (منتخب شعرا کے حوالے سے) The genesis of Free Verse is traced back to France around 1880. Free verse was a rebellion against the technical restraints on expression. New poets broke through a new way to vent their expression. Row, Rhymes and meter were discarded. In Free Verse meter does not stay the same. Different meters are used in a single poem. In Urdu the pioneers of Free Verse are Meera Ji and N M Rashid. After they founded Free Verse, Modernism drove it further. Aftab Iqbal Shameem, Akhtar Husain Jafri, Saleem ul Rehman, Wazir Agha, Anees Nagi, Abdul Rasheed, Sarmad Sehbai, Ahsan Akbar and others treated and promoted Free Verse. In ‘90s, Free Verse found another trend in Rawalpindi & Islamabad. In this decade, Free Verse improved on technical and intellectual grounds. The prominent contemporary poets of Free Verse from Rawalpindi & Islamabad are Naseer Ahmad Nasir, Anwaar Fitrat, Ali Muhammad Farshi, Rawish Nadeem, Saeed Ahmad, Arshad Meraj, Rafeeque Sandelavi, Dr Saeed Ahmad and Perveen Tahir. They introduced new horizons in Free Verse. In this dissertation, the researcher intends to explore intellectual, structural, technical, and stylistic aspects of the selected poets of Free Verse from Rawalpindi & Islamabad.
اردو شاعری کے تناظرات: بیسویں صدی میں اردو گیت کا ارتقا The M.Phil. Urdu research thesis is “Evolution of Urdu Lyrics in Twentieth Century’’. Four lyric-poets (Akhtar Sherani, Meera Jee, Majeed Amjad & Qateel Shifai) are chosen to discuss the evolution of urdu lyric. The lyrics of these poets played a key role in evolution of urdu lyrics in twentieth century. The purpose of the research is to analyse the evolutionary parts of urdu lyrics in twentieth century regarding subject, art & techniques. Urdu lyrical poetry basid on music in which emotions & thoughts are expressed as internality. It is a public genre as it expresses emotions and desires of a whole nation. It was a common trend in traditional urdu lyric that a woman, being lover, expresses love to her beloved (Usually man). With stream of time, artistic, technical & subjective dimensions of urdu lyric became versatile. Religious aspects, mysticism, sociomatters & political affairs became a part of urdu lyric subject. Twentieth century is a key canvas for evolution of urdu lyric. Akhtar Sherani, Meera Jee, Majeed Amjad & Qateel Shifai are among those lyric writers who contributed a lot in urdu lyric evolution during Twentieth century. This research paper comprises this evolutionary journey of urdu lyric in road of twentieth century refrencing mentioned four lyric poets. The research also concern with the popularity & unpopularity of these poets regarding lyric in accordance with literary critics, researchers and through public polls as well. Qualitative & analytical research methodology is followed to acquire authenticity of collected data. Survey methodology is also followed to attain the purpose of popularity & unpopularity through public opinion. Content of the research paper is remunerative for future lyric writers and critics. This research paper comprises four chapters. First chapter included topic introduction, several perspectives of urdu poetry, nature & evolution of urdu lyrics in twentieth century, concept of popularity & unpopularity and overviews the selected urdu lyric poets as per topic demand. Second chapter of the paper ‘‘Subjective study of Urdu lyrics in twentieth century regarding selected Popular & Unpopular Urdu lyric poets’’ consisits of evolution of urdu lyrics subjectively & distinctive evolutionary aspects of lyrics in accordance with selected poets. Third chapter ‘‘Artistic & Technical study of Urdu lyris in twentieth century regarding selected Popular & Unpopular urdu lyric poets’’ comprises brief discussion of evolutionary form of artistic features & techniques, similar & dissimilar aspects of lyrics in context with lyrics of selected poets and examines the popularity & unpopularity of lyric writers in accordance with public opinion polls. All discussion of the research paper is briefly summarised in the last chapter. In the end, questionnaires filled through the public survey are attached.