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Jhumpa Lahiriکے افسانوی مجموعے Interpreter of maladies"" کا ترجمہ اور تجزیاتی مطالعہ Jhumpa Lahiri is a prominent name among modern American writers of South Asian descent. Her debut collection of short stories namely "Interpreter of maladies", published in 1999, won her world accolade, a Pulitzer Prize for fiction and a PEN/Hemingway Foundation Award in 2000. This collection of nine short stories portrays heart rending tales of the lives of South Asian immigrants in America who are struggling to cope with the trauma of fractured relationships primarily due to dislocation and disorientation. This thesis entitled as "Translation and critical analysis of Jhumpa Lahiri's Interpreter of maladies" focuses primarily on Urdu translation of these stunning stories using idiomatic and free translation techniques. Also, this research work strives to grasp the artistic genius of Jhumpa by critically analysing her stories. Thus, by translating and analysing these masterpieces, this work is an earnest effort to introduce Jhumpa Lahiri, a master story teller, to the world of Urdu literature. This research work has been divided into six chapters each focusing on a particular aspect of the topic. First Chapter opens up with an introduction of the writer, a deep look at the book and an overview of the contemporary translation techniques. Second and the most important Chapter consists of idiomatic and free Urdu translation of these stories followed by third Chapter which contains side or explanatory notes of some tricky words and expressions. Fourth Chapter analyses major themes of the stories including migration, marriage, sex, cultural alienation and muted communications while fifth one evaluates plots, characterization and writing style of Jhumpa Lahiri. Sixth and the last Chapter concludes the work by an overview, some conclusions and a couple of recommendations.
جاوید انور کے افسانوں میں معاصر زندگی کی عکاسی Storytelling has always been a wonderful source of entertainment for human beings since time immemorial. From our cave dwelling forefathers to us, their modern progeny, every human soul has had some connection with stories in one way or the other. Literatures around the world are witness to man's fascination with stories of real or imaginary beings. Urdu literature is no exception. From the earliest times Urdu fiction writers have produced some wonderful stories in the form of Dastans in both poetry and prose. With the advent of 19th century focus started shifting towards Novels and short stories characters of which were not jins and fairies but real human beings. Twentieth century brought an upheaval in social, economic and political conditions of the world thus forcing Urdu writers to explore topics that address these problems. Among myriad of writers who choose to write on pressing problems of our society Javed Answer is a new yet promising name whose collection of short stories namely "Bargad" and "Siraktay Rastay" have delved deep into the modern socio-economic issues. This thesis entitled “An analysis of contemporary life in Javed Anwar’s fiction" has been divided into five chapters. First chapter is an introduction to the subject with a look at the contemporary social and literary perspectives. This chapter includes Javed Anwar’s introduction and Literary achievements. Second chapter explores the social life as depicted by the writer in his short stories with special emphasis on urban life and problems. Depiction of political issues and their implications for common man has been discussed in third chapter while fourth one unearths depiction of literary issues in stories of Javed Anwer. Fifth and final chapter concludes the discussion with an overview and some recommendations.
Letters to a Young Novelist اور Aspects of the Novel کے اردو تراجم کا تقابلی مطالعہ Title: “Comparative Study of “Aspects of the Novel” and “Letters to a Young Novelist” Urdu Translation” Novel came into Urdu literature through English. Novel is not too old to be a mature genre of Urdu literature. Same is with novel criticism. Both books were translated into Urdu from English language. This study puts light on these critical books about novel. The purpose of this study is to analyze the critical views of Edward Morgan Forster and Mario Vargas Llosa about the novel. Since both books came into Urdu by translation, so in this study translation methods, translation theories and tradition of translation in Urdu literature have been also discussed. Critical analysis of both books has also been carried out. The study first and foremost focuses on the method of comparison and on the inferences. The presentation and selection of the elements of the novel have been selected on the views of similarities and differences. Similarities and difference have been discussed critically in details. This study throws light in Urdu novel criticism. It is also helpful for Urdu Translators who translate from English to Urdu. It may also helpful to overcome translation issues in Urdu language.
مجید امجد کی منتخب نظموں کا ماحولیاتی تنقیدی مطالعہ Eco-criticism is a modern critical perspective which deals with the study of relation between environment and literature. As this age is facing serious environmental crises and these crises are the result of man’s undue interference in environment, which includes the destruction of wilderness establishment of industries, construction of buildings and roads in green areas, development of cities and towns etc. Eco-criticism restricts this anthropocentric way of interference and reconsiders the relation of human with non-human nature by considering this ecosphere as center which promotes biocentrism. The alarming situation of environmental crises demands a serious concern at every level and in every discipline so; realizing this responsibility world literature and criticism is focusing this issue at satisfactory level and many books are appearing on the scene in short period including fiction, non-fiction, poetry and criticism. Urdu literature has deep concern and realization of this changing environmental situation and local environmental problems. But Eco-critical study of these kinds of writings is not meeting the need. This thesis is a step towards this need of hour. It is an ECO-CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF MAJEED AMJAD’S SELECTED POEMS. Majeed Amjid was renowned Urdu poet and his poetry contains the all perspectives of eco-criticism according to local environment problems and status. He introduced a unique style of Nature Writings which cover the environmental needs as well as meet the needs of a master piece of Poetics. In this thesis the researcher will analyze Majeed's poetry through three eco-critical perspectives WILDERNESS, BIOCENTRISM AND ANIMISM. This thesis will be considered a fruitful contribution in Urdu Eco-criticism which is the need of hour.
شعیب خالق کے فکشن میں جدید معاشرے کے فرد کے داخلی اور خارجی مسائل The individuals are facing internal and external problems in modern society. Due to these issues quite a few evils emerge at social level. Which appear ordinary at surface but on the long run these evils result in moral downfall and social deterioration. Shoaib Khaliq has described this situation in Pakistani society in his fiction with literary context. Shoaib Khaliq presents thematic diversity in his writings. However, this study is limited to the internal and external problems faced by the individual in modern age in his fiction. The remaining themes have not been considered in this context. In current study focuses on Shoaib Khaliq’s fictional collections,“Be Harf Lafz, Chhatri Numa Kahanian” and novel “Aunti”. To understand the documented and fundamental origins of Shoaib Khaliq’s writings his fiction and novel is taken into consideration. To comprehend Shoaib Khaliq’s life and personality his different interviews have been included. This study encompasses interviews, periodicals, journals and theses as well as books relevant to his fiction and internal and external issues of individuals. To expand this study the libraries from governmental institutes, universities and from public offices have been approached. In current age Shoaib Khaliq’s name is very prominent regarding fiction in Urdu literature. Like his contemporary novelists he possesses the ability to observe the problems of modern age. He has projected the internal and external problems of individuals through his experiences. Keeping in view his thematic divergence there is a dire need to analyze his writings with a concerned theory. This theses is an attempt in this context.
حنیف باوا کے اردو افسانوں میں پسماندہ معاشرت کا عصری تناظر :تجزیاتی مطالعہ This analytical as well descriptive study aimed to find out the modern perspective of backward society in urdu fiction’s of Hanif Bawa. In this study two fictional writings “تنہایوں کے درمیاں” and "ادھورے ہاتھ" have been discussed. These writings portray the conflict between different strata of the society , economical down turn and cultural down turn of the backward society of the south Punjab . Hanif Bawa is a great fictional writer who beautifully portrays social , cultural background in modern prospective of the less developed area like south Punjab in an artistic manner. His writing clearly depicts the drawbacks of the south Punjab community. He also faced these sufferings so he is a well aware of the these conflict among different divisions of the society. So the major focus of this study is to find out divergence of culture , socio- economical status and sufferings of backward society in Hanif Bawa’s writings. This study clearly mentions that Hanif Bawa’s writing depicts the poor condition of low classes of the society and all these classes associated to each other in term of economy . His writings shows the class difference, their living condition and their miseries of life. His characters’ lives revolve around economic stability , hardworking however, poverty leads them to different crimes and this situation creates a chaos in the society and also it have negative impact in the society. Analytical and descriptive approach have been used to find out the these cultural differences in Hanif Bawa’s writings. Data has been collected through libraries , magazines , surveys and interviews including author’s interview . first chapter introduces the short introduction of the writer, major classes of the south Punjab society and social status of the society. Second chapter reflects the writer’s major works that shows the economical and social down turn of the society .third chapter discusses the role of characters in backward class and about their major professions. And the last chapter concludes the overall assessment, and the results of findings.
سید مبارک شاہ کے کلام میں تصوف کے عناصر: تجزیاتی مطالعہ The subject of my proposed dissertation is "Elements of Sufism in Syed Mubarak Shah's Kalam: Analytical Study". All his poetry has been collected at one place named as “Kulyat Mubarak Shah”. The general impression is that poetry is the heritage of sensitive people and it is not just for everyone. In poetry, delicate ideas are presented to the reader in such a way that they have their own feelings and thoughts, and the poet presents his feelings and emotions so skillfully that the reader finds them his own experiences, where this impression is lacking. The right of poetry will not be paid there. Syed Mubarak Shah's poetry seems to be a perfect reflection of his personal experiences. The quality of this impression is also found in the following. He is counted among the poets of the eighties. And a large and significant part of his poetry is with reference to Sufism, which can only be understood after reflection. In this article and research, an attempt has been made to bring out the same color of Sufism in the words of Syed Mubarak Shah and to offer it to the readers. What is Sufism? What is his soul? What are the feelings and observations of Sufis? And what is the thinking of Sufis? And in the case of Syed Mubarak Shah, these observations and sentimental colors have been explained in this article.And what are the word restrictions in Syed Mubarak Shah's poetry and in what way are the observations and feelings are express and how much the readers are impressed by them. Syed Mubarak Shah's words have been used to the fullest to complete the research work and information has been gathered through interviews with his family and friends to bring his living conditions before the readers. Journals and newspaper were also useful and helpful.Essays and books on Sufism have been resorted to and thus the subject has been brought to light in a traditional way and its presence in the poetry of Syed Mubarak Shah. And every possible effort has been made to discuss the other virtues of Syed Mubarak Shah's poetry but Sufism and the color of Sufism have been brought to the fore especially in Syed Mubarak's poetry. In this regard, the subject has been expanded by describing the ghazal and the poem separately
محمد عاطف علیم کے ناولوں کا موضوعاتی مطالعہ (ماحولیاتی تنقید اور مارکسی تنقید کے تناظر میں) Atif Aleem had been known as a poet, novelist, and a story writer in academic and literary circles. this thesis contained the thematic study of the writer's two famous novels. Atif Aleem's novel "Mushkpuri ki Malika", which was also his first novel, had been examined in the context of eco-criticism. the analysis had been examined in the context of eco-criticism. the analysis had been progressed during the scrutiny to understand and articulate the writer's point of view about the environment. also, how successful he had been in trying to convey his message through the novel. the novel had been scrutinized in the light of principles of eco-criticism. Atif Aleem's second novel was "Gardbaad". This novel depicted the principles of Marxism and the progress movement (" Tarakki Pasand Tehreek"), and the same had been evaluated in the underlying research topic. This novel was a representation and reflection of the awareness about the social problems raised during the writer's time. How well the novelist explained the late 80s' problems and how he managed to put the problems on paper and how well he managed it, was the topic of this research.
سقوط ڈھاکہ کے تناظر میں نشاط فاطمہ کی افسانہ نگاری:تجزیاتی مطالعہ This title of my M.Phil thesis is “Saqoot e Dhaka kay Tanazar main Nishat Fatima ki Afsana Nigari: Tajzyati Mutaleha”. The fall of Dhaka was such a tragedy in the history of Pakistan which has created a sense of intense shame and humiliation in the eyes of Pakistani nationalists. The conflicts emerged between two groups of the same nation on regional basis and these conflicts gave birth to a clash of civilization which affected the national and individual life of every patriotic Pakistani.Pakistanis were badly hurt by the fall of Dhaka in 1971. The national and individual life of persons got affected as a result of this tragedy. Because of deep connection between literature and life the effects of this tragedy are visible in the literature too. This thesis is based on Nishat Fatima’s fictions “Insaan ki Talash & Chand Doob gaya”.In this thesis the analytical study of Nishat Fatima’s fiction writing based on the fall of Dhaka in the light of events and characters bring surfaces many more bitter realities before audience related to fall of Dhaka. This paved the way to a noteworthy tragedy in to fall of Dhaka. These faults gave rise to moral downfall and social destruction. Nishat Fatima has described this situation of Pakistani society in her fictions in literary framework. There is diversity of themes (topics) in Nishat Fatima’s writings. However, this thesis focuses specifically on analytical study of Nishat Fatima’s fictional writing with a backdrop of fall of Dhaka. The other themes have been excluded in this study.This thesis focuses only on Nishat Fatima’s fictions “Insaan ki Talash & Chand Doob gaya”. To grasp the documented and fundamental origins Nishat Fatima’six fictional collection is explored. Different books have been included in this study to get awareness of Nishat Fatima’s life and person. Different books, research periodicals, journals and thesis along with other books on fall of Dhaka are included in this study as secondary sources. To gain access of additional books public sector, institutional and private libraries were approached. Nishat Fatima is included in important fiction writers in Urdu literature. Like other writers she also possessed an immense ability to observe contemporary issues. On the basis of her experiences she also wrote on fall of Dhaka. In the ongoing study, the fall of Dhaka has been focused with specificity in Nishat Fatima’s fictions. This study brings surfaces the fall of Dhaka in a unique style before readers as observed by Nishat Fatima. Due to this some unaddressed anecdotes related to fall of Dhaka are exposed before readers. Like other writers, she also possessed an immense ability to observe contemporary issues.Along with projection of contemporary circumstances Nishat Fatima has exposed fall of Dhaka in her writings too. There is dire need to analyze her writings with different angles. This study is an attempt in this context.
خالدہ حسین کے افسانوں میں نسائی مسائل:روایتی اور جدید سماجی تناظر میں : تجزیاتی مطالعہ This research thesis is titled “Women Issues in Khalida Hussain’s Short Stories: An Analytical Study of Modern and Traditional Social Context”. Feminism covered those thoughts and feelings of women which are born under the experiences, observations, domestic violence and oppression. This study was limited to these Khalida Hussain’s short stories collections i.e Darwaza, Pehchaan, Masroof Aourat, Hain Khawab main Hanooz, and Main Yahan Huu. There are many issues for women in modern and traditional society. Due to these issues, many social vices are born. Although these vices are considered minutes but caused moral and social disorder. Khalida Hussain has described this situation with literary context in her short stories in Pakistani Society. There is a subjective diversity in Khalida Hussain short stories but this study was limited to women issues in her short stories collection.Khalida Hussain short stories were collected as primary source. Some interviews were also conducted to view her life and personality. Research journals, thesis, short stories collection, and books on feminism were included in the study. For the access to these materials, public libraries and personal libraries were used.Khalida Hussain is an important short story writer of Urdu literature. She has an acute observation ability like other contemporary writers. She has portrayed women issues in her writings. It is necessary to analyse her short stories by keeping in view the diversity of topics. This study is an effort in this regard.
شینا اور بلتی ادب پر اردو زبان کے اثرات کا مطالعہ (مطبوعہ کتب کے حوالے سے) Among the languages spoken in Gilgit Baltistan, the two significant and ancient ones are Shina and Balti .Despite the fact that their history, forms, phonetics and syntax are unique; it’s undeniable that changes take place in religious, political and social spheres have drastically affected these languages. On the one hand, Islamic religious influence rendered their script Perso –Arabic look and on the other hand the political changes in the region during Dogra regime introduced Urdu influence too .Just within one year after creation of Pakistan ,when Gilgit Baltistan also ceded to Pakistan linguistic revolution in the form Urdu took indigenous languages under its deep influences .What influneces did the National language Urdu,cast on thematic and stylistic aspects of Balti and Shina ?What merits and de merits did these influences bring to these languages .The present research probes into these fields .This thesis uses the written literature of these two major languages of GB as scale to judge influence of Urdu on Shina and Balti .It brings under discussion the classical poetry and prose as well as the modern creative literature more over dialects ,grammar ,proverbs .in fact this theses is also an effort to get the path that may lead to the use of these influences of Urdu on Bati and Shina advantageously .The thesis provides relevant arguments in the form of conclusion and recommendations
“Philosophical Investigations” کا لسانی فلسفہ: اردو تراجم و توضیحات کا تحقیقی و تجزیاتی مطالعہ Wittgenstein one of the most influential philosopher of the twentieth century, developed a new method of doing philosophy, as an activity to clear up confusion, caused by misunderstanding the working of language. His early and later work was of crucial importance in the development of twentieth-century analytic philosophy. Philosophical Investigations, which was his most significant work, still remains the focus of intense interest and occupies an influential place in contemporary thought.
خالدفتح محمد کے ناولوں میں انسانی استحصال کا تجزیاتی مطالعہ (بحوالہ :"خلیج" ، "زینہ") Tittle: An Analytical Study of Human Exploitation In Khalid Fateh Muhammad’s Novels (With Reference To “Khalij”, “Zeenah”” The salient points of my research work is to analyse “human exploitation” as reflected in fictional writing of Major (R) Khalid Fatah Muhammad. The research mainly focused on two selected novels of Khalid Fatah Muhammad, which includes “Khalij” and Zeenah”. Author is well renowned contemporary novelist. His fictional work is not limited to single topic, he covers variety of subjects in a novel. One of his favourite subject is “Human Exploitation”. In his novels, he does not limit himself to just indicate the burning issues but he makes an endeavour to give resolve of these issues. Khalid Fatah Muhammad fearlessly writes against double standards of our social system, but he never use rhetoric in his writing. He describes an issue with his characters and incidents in This quality makes him prominent in contemporary writers. Khalid Muhammad Fatah has a high degree of political and social wisdom, which gives him an opportunity to write comprehensively on such topics.
نقدِ شعر غالب کا مطالعہ: معاصر فکری و اسلوبیاتی رجحانات کے تناظر میں (1990ء کے بعد) Ghalib is the most prominent poet in Urdu poetry for a number of reasons. He is the poet of nineteenth century, which is considered as classical period of Urdu poetry, but Ghalib is probably the first literary figure of Urdu literary tradition who sensed the difference between the classical and modern trends. He refused to accept the philosophies, traditions and norms blindly followed traditionally. He questioned the fixations. This modernity reflects in his poetic works both in themes and topics as well as stylistics and diction. Ghalib’s literary critics always appreciated and highlighted the newness of Ghalib throughout. The present study is based on the analysis of critical works on Ghalib in modern period with an angle to find the difference between the classical and modern theories and trends in criticism.