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| Title | Abstract | Action(s) |
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| السرد الروحي يف رحلتي شكيب أرسالن وممتاز مفت ي : معاجلات حمددة لألزمة الوجودية ما بعد احلداثة | Spiritual Narrative in Shakib Arslan and Mumtaz Mufti’s Travelogues: Identified Remedies of Post-Modern Existential Crisis This study explored the spiritual dimension in the travelogues of Shakib Arslan and Mumtaz Mufti, focusing on their journeys for Hajj and their reflections on various cities of the Hijaz. Both authors traveled to the sacred land of Mecca and Medina, and their writings served as significant contributions to the genre of travel literature in Arabic and Urdu. The research aimed to analyze how the authors employed spiritual narratives to address the post-modern existential crisis, emphasizing their thoughts on faith, identity, and human purpose through their travel experiences. A qualitative methodology was used, with an analysis of the primary texts in Arabic and Urdu. The study examined the writers’ views on the philosophy of travel and their literary styles, particularly how each reflected on spiritual themes and existential concerns through the narrative of the journey.It also investigated the similarities and differences in their approaches, language use, and spiritual reflections. The findings suggested that both authors used the journey of Hajj not merely as a physical movement but as a transformative spiritual experience. Through their narratives, they offered profound insights into the themes of self-discovery, divine connection, and the role of faith in confronting modern identity crises.The research concluded that their travelogues serve as rich sources for understanding the spiritual and philosophical dimensions of travel in Islamic thought. The study recommended further comparative exploration of Arabic and Urdu travel literature to deepen the understanding of spiritual narratives and their relevance to contemporary existential issues. Keywords: Spiritual narrative, travel literature, Shakib Arslan, Mumtaz Mufti, existential crisis. |
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| الشواهد الشعرية في معارف السنن لبنوري : دراسة لغوية تحليلية | Poetic Citations in Banuri’s Ma’arif Al-Sunan: Lexical & Analytical Study This study examines the significance of Arabic grammar and poetry in Hadith commentary through a linguistic and analytical exploration of Ma'arif al-Sunan fi Sharh Sunan al-Tirmidhi by Al-Shaikh Syed Muhammad Yousaf Banuri (d. 1977), a renowned Pakistani scholar and Arabic poet. The objective was to analyze how Banuri employed classical Arabic poetic citations to clarify meanings in Hadith interpretation. The method used for the research was qualitative, focusing on collecting and categorizing poetic references based on its grammatical, morphological, rhetorical, and lexical functions. Primary sources were consulted to understand Banuri’s methodology and scholarly aims. The research found that Banuri’s integration of Arabic literary tradition into Hadith explanation reflects a high level of linguistic mastery and offers valuable insights into the relationship between language and religion. It also concluded that Pakistani scholars have made noteworthy contributions to Hadith sciences through such literary and linguistic efforts. The study recommends further critical and comparative research between Ma'arif al-Sunan and other Hadith commentaries to explore the broader practice of citing poetry in Islamic scholarship. Keywords: Citation of poetry, Ma'arif al-Sunan, Al-Shaikh Banuri, Hadith commentary, Arabic linguistics |
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| الاتجاه الاجتماعي في روايات بهية بوسبيت: دراسة تحليلية فنية | Social Trends in the Novels of Bahiyya Bousbeet (An Artistic Study) This study explored the social trends in the novels of Saudi writer Bahiyya Bosbeet, highlighting her awareness of social issues in Saudi society. Through a qualitative analysis of her novels, the research showed that Bosbeet’s works were diverse, characterized by sadness and melancholy on one hand, while conveying vitality and optimism on the other. Her work demonstrated a profound insight into social issues, including women’s rights, child marriage, forced marriage and lack of access to education. Additionally, her work addressed pressing social issues like drug abuse and the struggles faced by orphans and people with disabilities. The findings of this study revealed the significance of Bosbeet's work in enhancing our understanding of Saudi society. This research contributed to the enhancement of cultural and literary interaction between Saudi Arabia and Pakistan, providing readers with a deeper understanding of Saudi society. Based on these findings, the study recommended encouraging researchers to deeply study Saudi literature, focusing on unexplored topics, and promoting awareness of Saudi literary themes. The study emphasized the importance of women’s literature in Saudi society, encouraging readers to explore works by Saudi female authors, and promoting literary translations to broaden the understanding of Saudi culture and foster cultural exchange. This study demonstrated how Saudi women's writing can facilitate cross-cultural understanding. Keywords: Bahiyya Bousbeet, Saudi literature, social issues, women's rights, cultural diversity. |
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| صورة المرأة في روايات بدرية البشر وشهلا العجيلي (دراسة تحليلية مقارنة) | The Woman’s Portrait in the Fictions of Badriah Al-Bishr and Shahla Al-Ujaili: An Analytical Comparative Study This study examines analytical exploration of the woman’s portrait in 21st-century Arabic fiction through the works of two renowned Arab female writers: Badriah Al-Bishr, a Saudi writer and journalist, and Shahla Al-Ujaili, a Syrian-Jordanian academic and novelist. The objective was to analyze how both authors portray the image, role, and concerns of women in contemporary Arab society through literary expression. The selected novels reveal diverse representations of women shaped by the distinct social, political, economic, and religious contexts of their respective regions. The method used for the research was qualitative, focusing on thematic and technical analysis of selected novels. Badriah Al-Bishr’ selected novels are: Hind and the Soldiers (2006), The Pendulum (2010), Love Birds on Al-Asha Street (2013), and The Thursday Visitors (2017). Shahla Al-Ujaili’ selected novels are: The Eye of the Cat (2009), The Persian Carpet (2013), A Sky Close to Our House (2015), and A Summer with the Enemy (2018). The research examined four major areas: 1) the thoughts of women and their central issues; 2) the circumstances that shape the Arab woman’s identity; 3) the presentation of narrative and technical elements in fiction; and 4) a comparative analysis of female portrayal by both writers. Primary sources, i.e., the original Arabic texts of the selected novels, were consulted to understand the authors’ literary approaches and their depiction of women's experiences. These texts were critically analyzed to identify key themes, narrative strategies, and the influence of sociocultural context on the portrayal of women. The research found that both writers utilize modern literary techniques to articulate the internal and external struggles of Arab women. Their works reflect varying perspectives shaped by regional realities but converge in advocating for self-awareness, identity, and social roles of women. It also concluded that contemporary Arab female fiction significantly contributes to the discourse on gender, identity, and societal transformation. The study recommends further critical and comparative research across Arab women’s writings to broaden the understanding of evolving female narratives in modern Arabic literature. Keywords: Woman in Arabic fiction, Badriah Al-Bishr, Shahla Al-Ujaili, gender discourse, Arab novel, comparative literary study |
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| الشواهد الشعريةفياملنارلرشيد رضادراسةلغوية | Poetic evidence in interpretation "Al Manar" By Muhammad Rasheed Rada (A Lingual study) This study examines the translation of poetic instances used in the Arabic interpretation made by Muhammad Rasheed Raza in Al Manar; add to reveal the syntactical, morphological and semantic points of the poetic verses in Al Manar. The objective was to analyze and evaluate the poetic evidence usage in interpretation –Al Manar- as Linguistic aspects. The method followed in the research was to analyze and evaluate the poetic evidence according to phonetic, grammatical, morphological, and semantic issues. Primary sources were consulted to understand poetic evidence in Al Manar and usage linguistics aspect. The research found that the Muhammad Rashid Rada greatly benefited from works on language, Qur’anic exegesis, and the sciences of the Qur’an in his tafseer. Drawing upon his extensive intellectual background, he engaged in critical inquiry, renewal, and reform within both the religious and social spheres. He combined linguistic and religious sciences, and in interpreting Qur’anic verses, he demonstrated a keen interest in linguistic studies that reflect the depth of his analytical abilities in uncovering meanings. His tafseer stands as a testament to his literary and religious scholarship. This is evident in his frequent citation of poetic verses to elucidate the lexical meanings of individual Qur’anic words. The study recommends that further preferences can be studied in Al Manar and other interpretations of holy Quran in Modern Linguistic Issues, Rhetorical Issues, Phonetic Issues and Lexicographical Studies. Arabic language researchers can benefit from the topic of “The Semantic Lexicon of the Vocabulary of the Holy Qur’an and Hadith across the Ages”. Keywords: Al – Manar, Rasheed Rada, Poetic dictions, interpretation. |
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| الشواهد الشعريةفياملنارلرشيد رضادراسةلغوية | Poetic evidence in interpretation "Al Manar" By Muhammad Rasheed Rada (A Lingual study) This study examines the translation of poetic instances used in the Arabic interpretation made by Muhammad Rasheed Raza in Al Manar; add to reveal the syntactical, morphological and semantic points of the poetic verses in Al Manar. The objective was to analyze and evaluate the poetic evidence usage in interpretation –Al Manar- as Linguistic aspects. The method followed in the research was to analyze and evaluate the poetic evidence according to phonetic, grammatical, morphological, and semantic issues. Primary sources were consulted to understand poetic evidence in Al Manar and usage linguistics aspect. The research found that the Muhammad Rashid Rada greatly benefited from works on language, Qur’anic exegesis, and the sciences of the Qur’an in his tafseer. Drawing upon his extensive intellectual background, he engaged in critical inquiry, renewal, and reform within both the religious and social spheres. He combined linguistic and religious sciences, and in interpreting Qur’anic verses, he demonstrated a keen interest in linguistic studies that reflect the depth of his analytical abilities in uncovering meanings. His tafseer stands as a testament to his literary and religious scholarship. This is evident in his frequent citation of poetic verses to elucidate the lexical meanings of individual Qur’anic words. The study recommends that further preferences can be studied in Al Manar and other interpretations of holy Quran in Modern Linguistic Issues, Rhetorical Issues, Phonetic Issues and Lexicographical Studies. Arabic language researchers can benefit from the topic of “The Semantic Lexicon of the Vocabulary of the Holy Qur’an and Hadith across the Ages”. Keywords: Al – Manar, Rasheed Rada, Poetic dictions, interpretation. |
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| مناهج المدرسة وطرق تدريس الأدب العربي: تقييم نقدي لفعالية الكتب المدرسية الدينية وقابليتها للتكيف | Madrasa Curriculum and Arabic Literary Pedagogy: A Critical Appraisal of Textbook Efficacy and Adaptability. This study examines the approach of Arabic literature in the syllabi of religious schools (Madrasa) in Pakistan, and its Efficacy and Adaptability, and the extent of updates and developments it requires, The study also explores the contemporary challenges facing this curriculum, the proposed solutions to these challenges, and the requirements for change and modification in the Arabic literature syllabus to align with the necessities of the modern age. Additionally, the thesis addresses the challenges faced by teachers and students, along with suggested solutions to overcome them. The objective was to Eliminate the manifestations of rigidity and imitation present in certain aspects of the Arabic literature curriculum in religious schools, and to develop the Arabic literature curriculum in religious schools and Presen recommendations for its necessary and positive amendments and propose some solutions to the contemporary challenges faced by religious schools in Pakistan. The method used for research was consist of theoretical and practical parts, The theoretical part focuses on introducing the religious school boards (wifaqāt), and examining their prescribed Arabic literature curricula, The practical part analyzes the teaching methods and examination systems used for the Arabic literature curriculum in these schools. This practical section is based on questionnaires, observations, and field research. Primary Sources were consulted for the research. The research found that the selection of some curricula was based solely on sectarian affiliation, there are many good books and curricula in a particular discipline, yet some educational boards have chosen books authored by their own scholars or followers, without applying any standard of merit. This is evident in some of the prescribed curricula, as shown in the curriculum tables of the boards. The officials overseeing these boards must reconsider these selections and establish strict criteria for choosing textbooks, ensuring that a single author does not have multiple books included in the board's curriculum. The curricula of religious schools have included only grammar (syntax) and morphology in the field of linguistics. Their syllabi lack subjects such as philology, linguistics, the fundamentals of grammar, grammatical schools, language policy, and other linguistic disciplines. In general, the educational boards (Wifaqat) have shown interest in Arabic literature; however, they lack courses specifically dedicated to modern Arabic literature. The study recommends that religious schools are in urgent need of financial support, the provision of printed books by the Pakistani government, and training for teachers in modern teaching methods and recent developments, especially in the art of the Arabic language, and Providing scholarships for outstanding and excellent students in religious schools so they can complete their education in public universities. Keywords: Arabic literature, Curriculum, Madrasa, Textbooks. |
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| الوعي االجتماعي النسوي وتداعياته لتمكين المرأة: دراسة الرواية العربية للقرن العشرين | Feminist Social Consciousness and its implication for women empowerment: A Study of 20th Century Arab Novel This M.Phil dissertation encompassed the study of Feminist Social Consciousness and its Implication for Women Empowerment as reflected in the 20th century Arab novel. The purpose of this research is to critically examine how Arab novelists in the 20th century represented feminist awareness and its role in redefining the position of women in Arab societies. The method adopted for this research is analytical and comparative, relying on a textual study of selected Arabic novels that address women’s identity, rights, and struggles within social, political, and cultural frameworks.The review of literature revealed that the emergence of feminist social consciousness in Arabic fiction during the 20th century was strongly tied to broader historical transformations, such as colonial encounters, nationalist movements, and modernization. Prominent Arab novelists, both male and female, presented women characters who questioned traditional roles and challenged patriarchal norms. The study found that through narrative strategies, symbolism, and character development, these novels articulated a growing feminist awareness that paved the way for discussions on gender equality and women’s empowerment. This research further suggests that the Arab novel of the 20th century did not merely reflect social realities but also functioned as an agent of change, contributing to the discourse on women’s rights and social justice. It highlights how feminist consciousness in literature became an integral part of shaping modern Arab identity and intellectual thought. Key Words: Feminist Social Consciousness, Women Empowerment, 20th Century Arabic Novel, Gender Equality, Patriarchy. |
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| (أدب الأطفال عند يعقوب إسحاق الشاروني وعبد الحميد (دراسة مقارنة | Children’s Literature by Yeqoob Ishaq Al-Sharooni & A. Hamid. (A comparative study) This study examines and compares the related works of two renowned writers for children: Yeqoob Ishaq Al-Sharooni who was an Arab Egyptian writer, whereas A. Hamid was a Pakistani Urdu writer and novelist. The objective was to compare values of two societies, civilizations and religion, depicted by both writers. The method used for research was comparative and analytical. Primary Sources were consulted for the research. The research found that both writers emphasize the importance of training and education in children’s character building and also discuss the success and failure of some aspects of such training. Among the most prominent themes addressed by Yeqoob Al-Sharooni in his stories for children were:strengthening the child's relationship with God, practicing religious duties, spreading goodness in society, standing up against injustice, corruption, and aggression, caring for health and environment, developing animal life, promoting agriculture, and the inventions of modern science. While A. Hamid addressed in his stories for children the monotheism of God Almighty, and the call to the religion of Islam, which is the religion of all the prophets. One of the best ways to bring people to monotheism is to gain people’s love and loyalty and influence them by helping them in their life affairs, saving them from problems and dangers, standing with them and supporting them against oppressors, and fighting any group or thought that destroys and burns cities, or enslaves and kills people, Such as: paganism, which calls for the worship of idols, or social or religious customs that lead to destruction. He also addressed the ancient history of various kingdoms and eras, such as the era of the Assyrians, the Babylonians in Iraq, the Pharaohs in Egypt, the civilizations of Mohenjo-Daro and Herba in Sindh, the civilization of Tibet, and the era of philosophers in Greece. The study recommends that stories of Yeqoob Al- Sharooni should be translated to Urdu, while the stories of A. Hamid should be translated to Arabic. Keywords: Child Literature, Yeqoob Ishaq Al-Sharooni, A. Hamid, Arabic Literature, Urdu Literature, Egypt. |
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| صورة إسبانيا لدى الرحالة بين العربية والأردية حسين مؤنس ويعقوب نظامي أنموذجًا: (دراسة مقارنة) | The Image of Spain in the Writings of Travelers of Arabic and Urdu: Hussain Mounis and Yaqoub Nizami as a model: A Comparative Study This PhD dissertation encompassed the Comparative Study of the image of Spain as reflected in the writings of Arabic and Urdu travelers, with special reference to the works of Hussain Mounis and Yaqoub Nizami. The purpose of this research is to critically examine how both scholars depicted Spain in their writings and the cultural, historical, and intellectual perspectives they have presented. The method used for this research is comparative, relying on textual study of Arabic and Urdu works of both writers. The review of literature revealed that Hussain Mounis, being an Arab historian, highlighted the deep-rooted Islamic and cultural legacy of Spain, while Yaqoub Nizami, representing the Urdu traditions, portrayed Spain through a South Asian intellectual lens, focusing more on its civilizational and aesthetic values. The study found that both travelers, despite differences in languages and backgrounds, shared a common admiration for the Andalusian heritage and its lasting impact on global civilization. This comparative study further suggests that the travel literature can serve as a bridge between cultures, offering deeper understanding and appreciation of shared histories. Key Words: Spain, Travel Literature, Hussain Mounis, Yaqoub Nizami, Comparative Literature. |
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| النصوص الأدبية وتحدي الترجمة الآلية: التحليل الصرفي النحوي لقصص غسان نداف القصيرة | (Literary Texts and the Challenge of Machine Translation: Morpho-syntactic Analysis of Ghassan Naddaf’s Short Stories). This study explores the challenges of machine translation in the context of literary texts. It specifically focuses on the morpho-syntactic analysis of the Arabic Literary Texts. This study aims to identify the challenges encountered in rendering literary texts using automated translation tools (Google as a model). The research identifies frequent translation errors in verb conjugation, noun phrase structure, gender and number agreement, and idiomatic expressions. The research also delves into the implications of these challenges on the quality and authenticity of translated literary works. The study critically evaluates a leading MT tool-Google Translate-and its capacity to accurately and stylistically ranslate Arabic literary texts into English. Drawing on linguistic frameworks from morpho-syntax, and guided by key concepts from Translation Studies, particularly Roman Jakobson’s theory of untranslatability, Eugene Nida’s dynamic equivalence, and Vinay and Darbelnet’s translation strategies. This study is an attempt to analyse the comparison of English translation of the collections of the short stories of Ghassan Naddaf titled “Attempts to Survive” and “Death of the bread thief” to demonstrate the best style of translation used by the researcher as compared to a machine translator (Google). This study tries to assess of the extent to which the machine translator has succeeded in conveying the original message of the source text (Arabic) to target text (English) and figuring out the challenges, problems and hurdles which are faced by both professional translators and machine translators as well. The qualitative methodology is used for the research by carrying out a realistic, comparative and analytical analysis to contribute to opening new horizons for academic research. The study examined the morphological and syntactic features of Arabic Literary Texts and their machine-translated versions. The study concludes and recommends by advocating for a hybrid approach that combines machine efficiency with human interpretive skill, and suggests directions for improving MT systems through better integration of linguistic and cultural knowledge. This research contributes to both literary translation research and the broader discussion on AI and language in the digital humanities. The findings of this analysis will contribute to a deeper understanding of the limitations of machine translation in the realm of literary texts and shed light on potential strategies for enhancing the accuracy and fluency of automated translations in the field of literature. Keywords: Machine Translation, Morpho-syntactic Analysis, morphological, Literary Translation, Hybrid Approach, integration, linguistic, Accuracy, Automated Translations. |
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| الإغتراب ما بعد الحداثة المعاصرة والمنظور الماركسي: دراسة في أنماط الإغتراب في الخطاب الشعري العربي | Contemporary Postmodern Estrangement and Marxist Perspective: A Study of The Patterns of Alienation in Arabic Poetic Discourse This study explores the concept of alienation in the poetry of both Muhammad al- Maghut and Ahmed Fouad Najm, where alienation is depicted as an inner feeling experienced by the individuals within their social environment due to class disparities. This feeling is particularly evident among the working class, who suffer from a dual form of alienation: alienation from the work itself and its products, as well as from society and natural human life. The objective was to explore the various forms of alienation in Arabic literature in general, and in poetry in particular, and to introduce the leading figures of alienation poetry, highlighting the features of estrangement in their experiences and thoughts, and to demonstrate the influence of alienation on literature, and to identify the differences between both poets in light of Marxist theory. The method used for research was analytical, focusing primarily on poetry, while also drawing—whenever necessary—on the statements of the poets and critics to analyze and interpret the poetry or the underlying context. This was done on the condition that such references do not conflict with the spirit of the poetry itself, which is the essence of the critical process due to its inherent elements of coherence and unity. Primary Sources were consulted for the research. The research found that The study of “Marxist alienation” in the works of Muhammad al-Maghut and Ahmed Fouad Najm revealed that both poets presented a profound vision of the suffering endured by marginalized groups in society, particularly workers and the poor. Through their poems, they depicted the class struggle experienced by these individuals under the capitalist system. They portrayed alienation not only as a social condition but also as a psychological and existential state that penetrates deep into the human soul. The individual loses meaning and purpose in life, which forces them to confront harsh societal conditions, leading to feelings of isolation and a lack of belonging. Both poets employed Marxist thought as a tool to understand alienation in society. This indicates that the poets did not merely reflect individual suffering, but also used literature as a powerful instrument for revolutionary change. They emphasized social and political awareness through their poetry, stressing the need for transformation and liberation from the constraints imposed by the prevailing social and political systems. Despite the significant overlap in themes, the poetic styles of al-Maghut and Najm differed. Al-Maghut’s poetry was driven by human emotion and tragedy, whereas Najm’s poetry was more direct and satirical, reflecting their distinct personalities and personal experiences in addressing issues of alienation. The study concluded that alienation is not limited to the individual in society but is a result of systematic exploitation that detaches the victim from the lived reality of the working class. The poems show how the social and political system contributes to deepening the gap between the individual and society. The study recommends studying the stereotypical image of alienation in Arabic poetry which reflects the condition experienced by the individual within society throughout various forms across different literary eras, due to factors such as political oppression, class disparity, or even religious belief and sectarianism. Therefore, I recommend studying the patterns of alienation in societies throughout history, to analyze the phenomenon and seek possible solutions - while also comparing these cases and their manifestations with similar forms of alienation in our Pakistani society. Keywords: Arabic literature, Poetry, Estrangement, Marxist, Alienation. |
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| حرفة سرد القصص في القصة القصيرة العربية في القرن العشرين: دراسة أزمة الهوية | The Craft of Storytelling in the Arabic Short Story in the Twentieth Century: A Study of the Crisis of Identity Abstract This study explores the aesthetic dimensions and the crisis of identity in the Arabic short story through a comparative analysis of the works of Abdul Rahman Munif, Yusuf Idris, and Samira Azzam. The objective was to examine how twentieth-century Arabic short fiction evolved as a reflection of the Arab writer’s struggle to balance personal creativity with collective cultural and national identity. The method used for the research was qualitative and analytical, employing close reading and comparative evaluation of selected short stories to trace the artistic tendencies, psychological depth, and moral concerns embedded within their narratives. The findings revealed that Munif’s stories project a profound awareness of alienation, exile, and moral fragmentation under political and social pressures; Idris’s works, meanwhile, capture the everyday human experience through realism, irony, and social satire; whereas Azzam’s narratives articulate the emotional and ethical struggles of Arab womanhood, merging national consciousness with moral resilience. The research found that these writers, despite their differing contexts, collectively used the short story as a medium to express existential anxiety, ethical awakening, and the search for identity in the modern Arab world. The study concluded that the Arabic short story, as exemplified in their works, serves as a powerful artistic response to cultural dislocation and modernity’s moral challenges. It also recommends further comparative inquiry into Arab narrative aesthetics within global postcolonial frameworks to expand understanding of identity formation and creative expression in modern Arabic literature. Keywords: Arabic short story, aesthetics, identity crisis, Abdul Rahman Munif, Yusuf Idris, Samira Azzam. |
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| دراسة التمثيلات النسوية في روايات سلوى بكر في ضوء نظرية مارتن الكوف | A Study of Feminist Representations in the Novels of Salwa Bakr in the Light of Martin Alcoff’s Theory Abstract: This research aims to explore the “feminist representations” in the novels of the renowned Egyptian writer “Salwa Bakr”, particularly focusing on her works “The Golden Chariot Does Not Ascend to Heaven” and “Al-Bashmouri.” The purpose of the study is to analyze how Bakr portrays women’s identities, struggles, and resistance within the framework of “Linda Martín Alcoff’s feminist theory”, which emphasizes the social construction of female identity and its relation to power structures. The methodology adopted in this study is analytical and descriptive, combining textual analysis of Bakr’s narratives with theoretical interpretation drawn from Alcoff’s perspectives. Through this approach, the research uncovers the findings that Salwa Bakr’s feminist vision transcends traditional gender portrayals, offering instead a profound critique of patriarchal domination and social marginalization. The conclusion highlights that Bakr’s characters reflect a collective female consciousness striving for autonomy and justice within oppressive realities. The study finally presents recommendations for further comparative research on Arab feminist literature in light of contemporary feminist philosophy. Keywords: Salwa Bakr, Linda Martín Alcoff, Feminist Representation, Analytical Study, Arabic Fiction. |
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