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Title الإغتراب ما بعد الحداثة المعاصرة والمنظور الماركسي: دراسة في أنماط الإغتراب في الخطاب الشعري العربي

Author(s) Nazakat Ali

Abstract Contemporary Postmodern Estrangement and Marxist Perspective: A Study of The Patterns of Alienation in Arabic Poetic Discourse This study explores the concept of alienation in the poetry of both Muhammad al- Maghut and Ahmed Fouad Najm, where alienation is depicted as an inner feeling experienced by the individuals within their social environment due to class disparities. This feeling is particularly evident among the working class, who suffer from a dual form of alienation: alienation from the work itself and its products, as well as from society and natural human life. The objective was to explore the various forms of alienation in Arabic literature in general, and in poetry in particular, and to introduce the leading figures of alienation poetry, highlighting the features of estrangement in their experiences and thoughts, and to demonstrate the influence of alienation on literature, and to identify the differences between both poets in light of Marxist theory. The method used for research was analytical, focusing primarily on poetry, while also drawing—whenever necessary—on the statements of the poets and critics to analyze and interpret the poetry or the underlying context. This was done on the condition that such references do not conflict with the spirit of the poetry itself, which is the essence of the critical process due to its inherent elements of coherence and unity. Primary Sources were consulted for the research. The research found that The study of “Marxist alienation” in the works of Muhammad al-Maghut and Ahmed Fouad Najm revealed that both poets presented a profound vision of the suffering endured by marginalized groups in society, particularly workers and the poor. Through their poems, they depicted the class struggle experienced by these individuals under the capitalist system. They portrayed alienation not only as a social condition but also as a psychological and existential state that penetrates deep into the human soul. The individual loses meaning and purpose in life, which forces them to confront harsh societal conditions, leading to feelings of isolation and a lack of belonging. Both poets employed Marxist thought as a tool to understand alienation in society. This indicates that the poets did not merely reflect individual suffering, but also used literature as a powerful instrument for revolutionary change. They emphasized social and political awareness through their poetry, stressing the need for transformation and liberation from the constraints imposed by the prevailing social and political systems. Despite the significant overlap in themes, the poetic styles of al-Maghut and Najm differed. Al-Maghut’s poetry was driven by human emotion and tragedy, whereas Najm’s poetry was more direct and satirical, reflecting their distinct personalities and personal experiences in addressing issues of alienation. The study concluded that alienation is not limited to the individual in society but is a result of systematic exploitation that detaches the victim from the lived reality of the working class. The poems show how the social and political system contributes to deepening the gap between the individual and society. The study recommends studying the stereotypical image of alienation in Arabic poetry which reflects the condition experienced by the individual within society throughout various forms across different literary eras, due to factors such as political oppression, class disparity, or even religious belief and sectarianism. Therefore, I recommend studying the patterns of alienation in societies throughout history, to analyze the phenomenon and seek possible solutions - while also comparing these cases and their manifestations with similar forms of alienation in our Pakistani society. Keywords: Arabic literature, Poetry, Estrangement, Marxist, Alienation.

Type Thesis/Dissertation MS

Faculty Languages

Department Arabic

Language Arabic

Publication Date 2025-08-25

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