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غیر مسلم شہریوں کے حقوق و فرائض: میثاقِ مدینہ اور دستورِ پاکستان کی متعلقہ دفعات کا تجزیاتی مطالعہ The rights and obligations of non-Muslim minorities in Muslim-majority societies have long been a subject of academic and legal discourse. In recent years, concerns about the treatment of non-Muslims in Islamic societies have gained international attention, particularly regarding issues of legal protection, religious freedom, and social inclusion. This study examines the legal, historical, and theological foundations of non-Muslim rights within Islamic jurisprudence, with a special focus on the Constitution of Medina and its implications for contemporary Muslim societies. Using Pakistan as a case study, the research explores how the country's constitutional framework addresses the rights of non-Muslims, analyzing its alignment with Islamic principles and international human rights standards. The study employs a comparative legal analysis, evaluating the provisions of the Constitution of Medina and Pakistan's legal structure to identify similarities, differences, and areas for reform. It investigates key challenges faced by non-Muslim minorities in Pakistan, including legal protections, socio-political representation, and instances of discrimination or marginalization. By conducting a thorough examination of historical Islamic governance models and their application in modern nation-states, this research seeks to contribute to a more nuanced understanding of religious coexistence in contemporary Muslim societies. The findings highlight the need for stronger legal mechanisms to ensure the full implementation of constitutional protections for non-Muslims, addressing both theoretical and practical gaps. The study concludes with recommendations for legal and policy reforms aimed at fostering interfaith harmony, social justice, and equitable rights for all citizens, regardless of religious affiliation. By bridging historical Islamic frameworks with modern legal systems, this research aspires to provide meaningful insights into the evolving discourse on minority rights in Muslim-majority states. Keywords: Madina Charter, Constitution of Pakistan, constitutional guarantees, implementation, discrimination, violence.
پاکستان اور مصر کے نظام ہائے زکوٰۃ اور ان کی عصری تطبیقات:تجزیہ و تقابل Zakat as a transfer payment is an important instrument to achieve social welfare in society in Islamic ideology.This research is an attempt to analogies the structure of Zakat’s System (alms due) enacted inPakistan and Egypt. It has been studies that both systems have some similarities as well as various other unique aspects structurally, appropriate to the substance of Zakat’s System rules and regulations in addition to the local circumstances and ground realities. The overall analysis shows that Zakat has a positive impact on economic development in Pakistan and Egypt.This analytical and comparative method of study also predicts that both countries may share the different strategies for their systems better execution.This study also contains the implemented structural sketch, mode of receiving and disbursement in both countries comparatively. Therefore, the problems of Zakat system of both countries have been brought and the solution have been given in according to the present era. Key Words:Zakat’s System (alms due), Pakistan, Egypt, Comparison,problems, Better Execution. ملخص اسلامی نقطہ نظر سے ادائیگی زکوٰۃ معاشرے میں سماجی فلاح و بہبود کے لیے ایک اہم ذریعہ ہے۔یہ تحقیق پاکستان اور مصر میں رائج نظام زکوٰۃکے ڈھانچہ سے ایک مشابہت پیدا کرنے کی کوشش ہے۔ یہ مطالعہ کیا گیا ہے کہ دونوں نظاموں میں کچھ مماثلت کے ساتھ ساتھ بطور ڈھانچہ مختلف اورمنفرد پہلو بھی ہیں، جو کہ مقامی حالات اور زمینی حقائق کے علاوہ زکوٰۃ کے نظام کے اصول و ضوابط کے مطابق ہیں۔ مجموعی تجزیہ سے ظاہر ہوتا ہے کہ پاکستان اور مصر کی معاشی ومعاشرتی ترقی پر زکوٰۃ کامثبت اثر پڑتا ہے۔ اس تحقیق کا تجزیاتی اور تقابلی مطالعہ یہ بھی پیش گوئی کرتا ہے کہ دونوں ممالک اپنے نظام کو بہتر طریقے سے چلانے کے لیے مختلف حکمت عملی کا اشتراک کر سکتے ہیں۔ اس میں دونوں ممالک میں رائج نظام زکوٰۃوصولی و تقسیم کا طریقہ شامل ہے۔لہٰذا دونوں ممالک کے نظام زکوٰۃ کے مسائل منظر عام پر لائے گئےاور موجودہ دور کے مطابق ان کا حل پیش کیا گیا ہے۔ کلیدی الفاظ: نظامِ زکوٰۃ، پاکستان ، مصر ، موازنہ ، مسائل اور حل
تبدیلی مذہب: اسلامی اور عصری قوانین کا تجزیاتی مطالعہ Religious conversion remains a contentious and complex issue across historical and contemporary societies, influencing individual identities, communal relations, and legal frameworks. This study examines the phenomenon of religious conversion through the dual lenses of Islamic law and modern legal systems, aiming to elucidate their respective approaches, conflicts, and convergences. The research problem centers on the tension between religious freedom, as upheld by international human rights standards, and the restrictions imposed by Islamic jurisprudence on apostasy and proselytization. While Islam promotes interfaith harmony and intellectual inquiry, it strictly prohibits apostasy and regards non-Muslim missionary activities as antagonistic to its theological principles. Conversely, contemporary secular legal systems emphasize individual autonomy in matters of faith, often clashing with faith-based injunctions. The hypothesis of this study posits that Islamic law and modern legal systems adopt fundamentally divergent approaches to religious conversion, rooted in their distinct philosophical foundations divine sovereignty versus individual rights. To test this hypothesis, the research employs an analytical methodology with a qualitative approach, drawing from primary sources (Quran, hadith, and classical fiqh texts) and secondary materials (case law, legislative statutes, and scholarly critiques). The study also evaluates the socio-political implications of conversion laws in Muslim-majority contexts like Pakistan, where accusations of forced conversions exacerbate interreligious tensions. Furthermore, it explores how globalization and religious pluralism challenge traditional legal paradigms, necessitating a balance between communal cohesion and personal freedom. Islamic law conditions conversion on free will but penalizes apostasy as a capital offense, whereas contemporary secular laws prioritize unconditional religious liberty. Despite these differences, both systems grapple with regulating missionary activities to prevent coercion or social destabilization. The study concludes by advocating for nuanced legal reforms that reconcile Islamic ethical concerns with universal human rights norms, particularly in pluralistic societies. Keywords: Religious Conversion, Apostasy, Missionary Activities, Islamic Laws, Contemporary Laws
حضرت علی کرم اللہ وجہہ کی معاشی حکمت عملی: منتخب مصادر کی روشنی میں This thesis delves into the economic strategies of Hazrat Ali (Karam Allah Wajhu), a key figure in Islamic history, by meticulously analyzing primary Islamic sources such as Nahj al-Balagha, Sahihain, and Bihar al-Anwar. This thesis explores the economic strategies of Hazrat Ali (Karam Allah Wajhu), a prominent figure in Islamic history, through a detailed analysis of primary Islamic sources, including Nahj al-Balagha, Sahihain, and Bihar al-Anwar. The research aims to uncover the core principles of Hazrat Ali's economic thought, with a particular emphasis on wealth distribution, state responsibilities, and economic justice. His approach to these issues is deeply rooted in Islamic teachings, highlighting the significance of fairness, equity, and communal well-being. The study examines how Hazrat Ali’s economic policies, though developed in a historical context, remain highly relevant to contemporary economic systems. By analyzing his strategies, the research demonstrates how these principles can be adapted to address modern economic challenges such as inequality, poverty, and social justice. Hazrat Ali’s emphasis on the ethical and moral dimensions of economic activity provides valuable insights for building just and equitable societies today. Beyond historical analysis, this thesis explores the modern applicability of Hazrat Ali’s economic strategies. By drawing connections between his teachings and present-day economic issues, the study offers a framework for integrating these timeless principles into contemporary economic policies and practices. The findings emphasize the enduring relevance of Hazrat Ali’s economic thought, presenting a model for economic systems that prioritize social welfare, justice, and equitable resource distribution. This research contributes to both historical scholarship and modern economic discourse, demonstrating the universal significance of Hazrat Ali’s economic wisdom. The study employs a narrative methodology and incorporates comparative analysis, juxtaposing different sources to provide a comprehensive perspective. Keywords: Hazrat Ali, Economic strategies, Islamic history, Nahj al-Balagha, Bihar al-Anwar, Wealth distribution, State responsibilities, Economic justice
برصغیر میں فکرِ اسلامی کی تشکیلِ جدید: جہات و اثرات کا تجزیاتی مطالعہ This research examines the reconstruction of Islamic Thought in the Indian Subcontinent, through a comprehensive analytical study of its various aspects and effects. Using a qualitative research methodology, incorporating discourse analysis and content analysis, the study investigates how Islamic Thought has evolved and adapted in response to modern challenges while maintaining its fundamental principles. The research addresses the critical challenge of reconciling traditional Islamic concepts with modern demands, particularly during the significant transformations of the nineteenth through twenty-first centuries, examining how this process of reconstruction has influenced social, political, and cultural dynamics in the region. The study posits that the reconstruction of Islamic thought in the subcontinent represents a continuous process of adaptation and renewal, shaped by both internal religious dynamics and external socio-political factors, leading to distinctive intellectual movements that have significantly influenced Muslim society's development. Through analysis of primary sources - including classical Islamic texts, historical documents, and contemporary scholarly works - the research investigates the advent of Islam and its propagation mechanisms in the subcontinent. It further examines the necessity for reform, analyzes dimensions of Islamic thought's revival, and studies the role of key personalities in this process. The findings reveal that the reconstruction of Islamic thought in the subcontinent has been characterized by a continuous dialogue between traditional Islamic scholarship and modern intellectual challenges, the emergence of distinct schools of thought addressing various aspects of religious reform, and significant contributions by key reformist figures who developed new methodologies for interpreting Islamic principles. The research outlines how educational institutions and movements facilitated this process of intellectual renewal, fostering new approaches to religious understanding. The study concludes that this reconstruction process has dynamically influenced Muslim society's social, political, and religious dimensions yet maintains its connection to fundamental Islamic principles, thereby contributing to the understanding of how religious thought adapts to evolving societal contexts whilst safeguarding its essential character. Keywords: Reconstruction, Islamic Thought, Reform Movements, Indian Subcontinent, Modern Challenges, Socio-political dynamics
غیر مسلم شہریوں سے متعلق شرعی احکام: عصری تعبیرات کا تجزیاتی مطالعہ In Islamic discourse, non-Muslim minorities who are citizens of an Islamic state are referred to as Ahl-Al-Dhimma. Islamic jurisprudence has historically provided specific rulings concerning these citizens, which have evolved over time in response to changing political and social contexts. The emergence of modern nation-states has significantly transformed these dynamics, emphasizing individual rights and autonomy. In this new context, some contemporary scholars appear influenced by modern political structures, leading them to reinterpret the traditional rulings concerning non-Muslim minorities. This study aims to critically examine the Shariah rulings regarding non-Muslim citizens as outlined by classical Islamic jurists and to assess these interpretations in light of the Quran and Sunnah. Additionally, it explores the contemporary interpretations of scholars from the South Asian subcontinent and the Middle East. The research employs a qualitative and analytical methodology, addressing several key questions: What are the foundations of Shariah rulings for non-Muslim citizens in Islam? What are the essential rulings regarding non-Muslim citizens? What is the true nature of the Jizya tax? Is the construction of religious places for non-Muslims permissible in an Islamic state? Can non-Muslims hold key governmental positions? What is the legal punishment for non-Muslims accused of blasphemy? Finally, the study investigates the current status of non-Muslim minorities in Islamic states. The analysis compares the views of classical and contemporary scholars, highlighting both convergences and divergences in their interpretations. It is found that modern jurists often differ from classical scholars, particularly in their understanding of the legal status and citizenship rights of non-Muslim minorities. These differences underscore the evolving nature of Islamic jurisprudence in the context of contemporary statehood and citizenship. Keywords: Ahl-Al-Dimma, Non-Muslim Minorities, Non-Muslim Citizens, Shariah Rulings about Non-Muslims,. Interpretations of Rulings of Non-Muslims
پاکستان میں نومسلموں کو درپیش مسائل کا تجزیہ Since the advent of Islam, individuals who embraced the faith often encountered significant personal and social challenges, including family disownment, migration, economic hardship, and loss of social belonging. In the context of Pakistan, new Muslims continued to face a wide range of difficulties despite the constitutional and societal framework designed to protect religious freedom. This study explored the underlying causes behind religious conversion and investigated the multifaceted problems faced by new Muslims in Pakistani society. It examined the economic, social, political, and religious dimensions of their experience, identifying the barriers that hinder their integration and well-being. The study further assessed how Islamic teachings and constitutional institutions contributed to addressing these issues and where gaps remained in practical implementation. Through a combination of qualitative and quantitative analysis, including a structured questionnaire designed to identify specific challenges, the research revealed that new Muslims often suffered from economic marginalization, social exclusion, and spiritual isolation. The responses were systematically analyzed using established research methods to ensure objective interpretation of data. Issues such as inheritance disputes, lack of recognition, limited access to religious education, and procedural complications in legal identity were common. Politically and socially, they often found themselves in a vulnerable position, lacking adequate institutional support. The research emphasized the need for coordinated efforts among constitutional bodies, religious scholars, and civil society to ensure the protection and dignity of new Muslims. It concluded with targeted recommendations to strengthen legal protections, enhance social acceptance, and institutionalize religious education programs tailored to the unique needs of converts to Islam in Pakistan. Keywords: New Muslims, Religious Conversion, Pakistan, Socioeconomic Challenges, Islamic Teachings, Institutional Response
پاکستانی مسیحی برادری کا خاندانی نظام اور اس پر مسلم عائلی نظام کے اثرات کا تجزیاتی مطالعہ Pakistan is a multicultural and multi religious country in the world. The people from diverse faiths are living in Pakistan. The present research investigates the Christian family system in Pakistan, examining it through the prism of biblical teachings as well as effects of Muslim family systems' culture. Through the random sampling technique of qualitative research methods, the research explores different dynamics of Christian’s family systems through Focused Interviews, observations, and textual analysis limiting it in socio cultural context of Pakistan. By exploring biblical principles with lived experiences of Pakistan societal effects, the research illuminates how Christian families in Pakistan negotiate their religious beliefs, traditions, and values amidst the broader societal landscape. By critically engaging with the intersections of faith, and socio-cultural realities, this research contributes to a nuanced understanding of the Christian family system in Pakistan and offers insights for promoting, interfaith harmony, mutual respect, resilience, social cohesion, and well-being within these communities. Keyword: family system, Society, Pakistani Christian community, Muslim family system, interfaith harmony, inter religious tradition
ثقافتی اقدار کےفروغ اور تحفظ میں اسلامی ریاست کا کردار This thesis explores the pivotal role of an Islamic state in promoting and protecting cultural values within its society. It examines how an Islamic state serves as a custodian of cultural heritage, ensuring the preservation of traditions, customs, and ethical norms that define its identity. The study delves into various mechanisms through which an Islamic state fosters cultural values, including education, legislation, and community engagement. It highlights the importance of integrating Islamic teachings into the educational curriculum to instill a sense of cultural pride among citizens. Furthermore, the research analyzes the legislative framework that upholds cultural values and promotes social justice, equity, and human rights. The thesis also addresses the challenges faced by Islamic states in safeguarding cultural heritage against external threats and internal discord. By investigating case studies and historical contexts, this research aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of how an Islamic state can effectively contribute to the promotion and protection of cultural values, ultimately fostering a harmonious and cohesive society.
قرآن حکیم اور تعمیرِ شخصیت کے اصول: سورۃ المزمل اور سورۃ المدثر کی روشنی میں تطبیقی مطالعہ Man is supreme creation of Allah Almighty. He is superior creation because he is bestowed with intellect and knowledge. Allah Almighty created man for his worship. Man was sent to the Earth with an objective. So, Allah Almighty provided him various ways for help. Guidance of mankind is beloved to Allah Almighty. Man is combination of intellect, soul and body. He needs a role model to follow and a code of life to spend meaningful life. Allah sent his messengers to mankind for guiding him to divine success. Allah Almighty revealed the Holy Quran on Holy Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) which is divine guideline for entire mankind till end of the world. It includes guiding principles for individual and collective lives. The Holy Quran gives principles of intellectual guidance in the form of thoughts, practical principles in the form of Seerah of Holy Prophet (PBUH) as well as ethical principles. It contains set of principles to spend that life which was demanded from man. Islam and Holy Quran has principles for practice in human life. In every age man tried to develop his spiritual, intellectual and material life. As man has covered thousands of miles of darkness in the past and travel towards lightness. There are several possibilities still exists. So, personality development in this manner is always important and priority for mankind. The Holy Quran contains 114 chapters. The addressee of the Holy Quran is human being. All the knowledge, guidance and principles revealed in Holy Quran were for human beings. As man is combination of body and soul. For spiritual development and personality traits chapter of Surah Al-Muzammil and Surah Al-Mudassir guides us through its unique principles with respect to personality development. These Surahs were direct address to Holy Prophet (PBUH) and Allah Almighty introduced the traits for the personality of Holy Prophet (PBUH). These traits were set of principles for development of personality in every age. So, whenever human beings feel need of intellectual, spiritual development and to solve any problem in this world, they have to consult holy revealing of the Holy Quran. As personality development is our need in contemporary world. So, in this thesis entitled “Holy Quran and Principles of Personality Development: Applied Study in the Light of Surah Al- Muzammil and Surah Al- Mudassir” I explored, Quranic concept of personality development in the form of principles, analyzed principles of personality development mentioned in Surah Al-Muzammil and Al-Mudassir and gave possible situations of implementation of principles given by these surahs in the manner of personality development. Key Words: The Holy Quran, Surah Al-Mudassir, Surah Al-Muzammil, Personality Development, Purification, Spiritual Growth, Intellectual Guidance.
القضایا الدعویۃ فی باكستان وتحليلها من منظور رسائل النور لسعيد النورسی يتناول هذا البحث التحديات الدعوية الكبرى التي تواجه المجتمع الباكستاني، ويسعى إلى تحليلها من خلال رؤية ال مام بديع الزمان سعيد النورسي )رحمه الله( كما تجلّت في رسائل النور. وتكمن أهمية هذه الدراسة في واقع باكستان المعاصر الذي يشهد تصاعدًا في الطائفية الدينية، والتطرف الفكري، والتغريب الثقافي، وسوء فهم النصوص الدينية، مما يؤدي إلى تهديد وحدة المجتمع وصفائه الروحي. وفي هذا السياق، يقدّم المنهج القرآني، السلمي، والعقلي المتوازن الذي تبنّاه سعيد النورسي)رحمه الله( نموذجًا فكريًا وعمليًا يمكن الفادة منه في مواجهة هذه القضايا المتشابكة. يهدف البحث إلى رصد وتصنيف المشكلات الدعوية المعاصرة في باكستان، والكشف عن جذورها الفكرية والاجتماعية، ثم تقديم حلول استراتيجية مستمدة من تعاليم سعيد النورسي، مع الأخذ في الاعتبار التشابه بين الواقع التركي الذي عايشه النورسي والبيئة الدينية والاجتماعية في باكستان اليوم. وقد اعتمد البحث في منهجيته على الدراسة الوصفية والتحليلية، من خلال الرجوع إلى المصادر السلامية الكلاسيكية، ورسائل النور، ودراسة حالات واقعية من المجتمع الباكستاني، وذلك في أربعة أبواب رئيسية. وتوصلت الدراسة إلى أن المنهج المتزن واللاعُنفي الذي انتهجه النورسي يُعدّ من أكثر المناهج ملاءمة لمعالجة قضايا الدعوة المعاصرة، حيث يؤكد على إحياء القرآن الكريم، والعقلانية المتزنة، والأخلاق الروحية، مما يساهم في إصلاح الخطاب والممارسة الدينية في باكستان. ومن أبرز التوصيات التي خرج بها البحث: ضرورة تبني منهج النورسي في التعليم الديني، وتطوير برامج تدريب الدعاة، وترجمة أفكاره إلى اللغة الأردية، بما يسهم في إحياء ثقافة إسلامية بنّاءة وشاملة في المجتمع الباكستاني. الكلمات المفتاحية: الدعوة، النورسي، باكستان، الصلاح، القرآن، التطرف، الطائفية، الروحانية، التعليم، السلام This research explores the critical challenges facing Da'wah (Islamic preaching) in Pakistan and seeks to analyze them through the visionary lens of Risale-i Nur by Said Nursi. The importance of this study stems from the rise of sectarianism, extremism, cultural westernization, and religious misinterpretation, which threaten social harmony and spiritual authenticity. In this context, Said Nursi’s Qur’an-centered, peaceful, and intellectually grounded approach offers valuable insights for addressing these multifaceted issues. The study aims to identify and classify contemporary Da'wah-related problems in Pakistan, understand their root causes, and provide strategic solutions based on Nursi’s teachings. The rationale lies in the compatibility between the Turkish context in which Nursi worked and the socio-religious dynamics of Pakistan today. Using a descriptive and analytical methodology, the research examines classical Islamic texts, Risale-i Nur, and Pakistani case studies across four comprehensive chapters. The study concludes that Nursi’s balanced and non-political approach is highly effective for contemporary Da'wah. His emphasis on reason, Qur’anic revivalism, and spiritual ethics can help reform Pakistani religious discourse and practice. Major recommendations include adopting Nursi’s methodology in religious education, enhancing Da'wah worker training, and contextualizing his thought in Urdu to revive a constructive and inclusive Islamic culture in Pakistan. Keywords: Da'wah, Nursi, Pakistan, Reform, Qur’an, Extremism, Sectarianism, Spirituality, Education, Peace.
Psychological Impact of Disbelief in the light of Quranic Verses The Holy Qur’an is the Book of Divine Guidance. It focuses human success in the worldly life and in the life hereafter. According to Qur’an, the master-key for the success is faith or belief; and the only cause of failure is unbelief. The belief in Almighty and the otherwise, never comes without psychological impact upon human behavior; because both inner conditions of human mind and heart, have their implications upon the human soul, leading to an impact on behavior. The following study is all about the search for psychological impact of disbelief, as detailed by the Qur’an. Therefore, this research aims to delve into the psyche of disbelief: identifying factors that propel a person towards disbelief and exploring its repercussions on human nature and personality. The primary focus of this research rests on Quranic verses pertaining to disbelief. These verses will undergo psychological analysis to discern the states of faith and denial delineated in Quranic scripture. Keywords: Holy Quran, divine guidance, herefter, faith, belief, Almighty, psychological, soul, psyche, disbelief.
اسلاموفوبیا پر منتخب انگریزی ادب کا مطالعہ Islamophobia has emerged as a significant socio-political phenomenon in contemporary Western societies, influencing various aspects of public discourse, including literature. The thesis is based on three Chapters. The first chapter deals with Introduction of the Topic and its evolution. The second Chapter is about Fictional Literature “The Last Patriot, Submission, Fitna and The Dictator movie here been Critically analysed. Important Characters here been highlights. The main theme of these have been Studied. The Third Chapter Focuses on the book “The Truth about Muhammad”. Finaly, it carries out research of major factors of Islamophobia. Then it gives effective measure to address the issue. Key words: Islamophobhia, Reasons, Contemporary, English Literature, Narratives, Analytical Study.
معاصرعائلی مسائل کے حل میں منتخب پاکستانی مراکز افتاء کےکردار کاجائزہ The Quran and Sunnah provide profound insights into familial matters and offer detailed guidance on various aspects. However, Shari’ah rulings on practices like Salah and Zakat lack such depth. This discrepancy underscores the paramount importance accorded to family matters in Islamic jurisprudence. In today's world, Muslims encounter new family challenges regularly and they seek solutions rooted in Quranic principles and Prophetic traditions. Consequently, institutions like Dar ul Ifta play a pivotal role, particularly in regions like the Indian subcontinent, including Pakistan, where these institutions hold significant influence over the lives of the people. Individuals turn to Dar ul Ifta, seeking guidance on a spectrum of matters and the honorable Muftis issue fatwas and address their concerns, many of which pertain to familial issues. Therefore, it is apparent that these institutions serve as linchpins within society. This thesis aims to explore the role of Dar ul Ifta, in resolving familial issues according to Quran and Sunnah. as a sample, the role of four prominent Dar ul Ifta related to four famous schools of thought will be examined in the thesis. These are: 1. Dar ul Ifta Jamia Binori Town Karachi (Deobandi School of thought) 2. Jamia Naeemiyyah Lahore, (Barailvi School of thought) 3. Jamia Salafia Faisal Abad (Ahle Hadith School of thought) 4. Jamiat ul Kausar Islamabad (Shia’ School of thought) Keywords: Shari’ah Rulings, Dar ul Ifta, Fatwa, Family Issues