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| Title | Abstract | Action(s) |
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| Buddhist Archaeological sites of Taxila: A Case study of Julian Monastery | ABSTRACT Taxila remains are the national assets of Pakistan and it is also one of the six world heritage sites of our country. Taxila is a home of Buddhist monuments, temples, stupas and monasteries. One of the oldest civilizations flourished in this region, a large number of old age remains scattered around Taxila about 30 kilometers in range. This research study deals with the significance of Taxila in Pre-Buddhist and Proto Buddhist age. In addition, the study also discusses the historiography of those archaeological sites which are located in Taxila. Jaulian Buddhist monastery is considered as the first Buddhist institute and the first educational university also. Jaulian monastery and complex was established in 2nd century AD under Kushans rule. This period was a golden era of Buddhism. Jaulian has been inscribed in 1980 upon the world heritage list of UNESCO. Mr. Natesa Aiyar worked here in 1916-17. This research study also describes the monastic system and the importance of Jaulian monastery in Buddhist culture. Taxila remains are facing several problems of conservation. It is necessary to take solid steps to preserve these national assets by the Government of Pakistan. The current study finds out the positive management policies for the protection and promotion of Jaulian Buddhist Monastery and other Taxila remains. Direct observation has been made to query about condition and related current problem. |
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| The role Corps of Army Engineer's in the National Development of Pakistan: A Case Study of North West Border areas and Sawat |
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| Child Labor in Pakistan with special reference to small industries of Larkana | According to the International Labor Organization at least 250 million children in the ages between 5 and 14 work and about 120 of them work full-time. Despite the fact that the understanding of the impact of child labor on the social and economic development could be important for choosing the right policies and help to avoid negative counter-effects. The literature on socioeconomic consequences of child labor is small and scattered. This paper aimed to provide the picture of the known effects of child labor as amply as possible. It was found that such implications of child labor as under-accumulated human capital accumulation and slow technological progress (or absence of such progress at all) slow down long run economic growth and social development. Child labor is the growing curse in the world particularly in the developing countries and Pakistan is also the victim of this growing global phenomenon because of multiple reasons behind which encourage intentionally or unintentionally the dilemma of child labor. Child labor had multiple side effects that disturb the social fabric of the society and its growing statistics alarms the government of Pakistan to take the most possible and appropriate measures to combat this curse. This paper attempts to highlight the socioeconomic and political causes of child labor in Larkana and had the objective to investigate the problem by applying mix methods of research to get the real essence of the study with the multi-perspective lens. The study also provides recommendations along with the statistics to the policymakers for legislation |
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| Water Resources Preservation in Pakistan: A Case Study of Mangla Dam. | Water is one of the greatest bounties of God, says in the Holy Quran "and we made from water everything living". Water is one of the most essentials for livings. Its scarcity has developed a number of management issues in many parts of the world. Pakistan once water surplus country has approached the water scarce country. Agriculture is the prime user of water and Pakistan economy is Agriculture based. In this research, the researcher has worked on the need of natural resources preservation in Pakistan, followed by the impact of Global Warming and Climatic Changes within Pakistan and the strategies to implement SDGs in Pakistan. Moreover the research has addressed the case study of Mangla Dam and provision of clean energy to the indigenous people of Azad Jammu and Kashmir. This study is qualitative research which has attempted to have a detailed discussion on the role of Pakistan and how effective has Pakistan been in the implementation of these goals dealing with the international institutions such as the IMF, the World Bank and the UN for Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) followed by the post 2015 agenda and now the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for water preservation in Pakistan especially in Mangla Dam.Water caused large-scale conflicts between provinces and nations. The confusion exists for allocation and sharing of resources between provinces and the federal government. Distribution of water among provinces is to be resolved by the federal government, whereas the allocation of water for irrigation and agriculture purposes falls in provincial domains. These problems have increased due to repeated Indian insolence of the Indus Basin Water Treaty. Hence, comprehensive water management policy remains one of the most important challenges faced by the government. Government has to fix priority areas for national water policy to deal with the water issue properly. The researcher has used secondary sources in the research, such as journals, books, articles, newspapers, documentaries and magazines. The study found wide gaps between the local people’s needs, desires and expectations and the government policies and possible solutions; between people’s practices and historical and proposed institutions; and between local people’s and policy-makers’ understanding of the issues. Water supply projects need to result in improved water services, but with solutions tailor-made to the local culture, together with local actors, rather than being imposed on them. Pakistan is running short of good quality water for irrigation as well as domestic use. Keywords: MDGs, SDGs, Water Scarcity, Water Management, Preservation, Resources, Mangla Dam |
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| PAK-Us Defence Alliances 1947-1958:Needs,Dynamics,and Repercussions. | This research is an effort to study the ties between Pakistan and the U.S. during the height of the cold war struggle and the heydays of pacts and alliances. The US was looking for anti-communist alliances, whereas Pakistan emerged as a staunch ally in Asia. The thesis examines Pak-US alliances of Cold War, its needs, dynamics and repercussion.The study primarily discussing the need of alliances in modern times and assesses the conditions that obligated Pakistan to join Western alliances and argues that Pakistan joined the US sponsored Western alliances for acquiring economic and strategic aid, while the US wanted to shape a defense system of non-communist states.The study further describes the conditions under which Pakistan was pushed into Western alliances, In the 1950s, the US formulated SEATO and CENTO to safeguard the Asian zone from the challenge of communism. Pakistan allied with the US and supported US strategies to contain Soviet expansionist policies in the region. Pakistan's key priority was to resolve the Kashmir problem and to maintain its stability in the face of Indian hostility. Since India was better off militarily and politically. Economic and security assistance persuaded Pakistan to enter such strategic alliances. The research also highlights that Pakistan's ties with Muslim countries and the Soviet Union have ended since entering the Western coalition programme. The study further dives into the details of Pakistan’s declined relations with the US in 1960sand also addressed the consequences that Pakistan had to deal with since entering the Western alliance system. The research has also discussed the scope and advantages within the American sphere of control of these partnerships and the position of Pakistani leadership, while Pakistan has been dealing with potential challenges from India since its creation. |
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| Political Participation of Women: Problems and Prospects ( ACase Study of District Attock) | In any democratic country the implication of women in power struggle is one of the vital element. As normally females constitute about more than 50% of the population of any country, so it is necessary for the prosperity of democracy that women should also take part in politics. Politics is an opportunity for women to become vocal, and able them to play their part in the flourishhment and development of democracy. Women in politics can affect the policy making in the favor of women. By increasing the engagement of women in political arena, such policies must be formulated which satisfy the needs of both segments of society (i-e men & women). But unfortunately the political intervention of women in Pakistan is minimal as compared to other world’s democratic nations. In this study the, famous women which are known as important political figures in history have been discussed. This study highlighted the situation of political activism of women in district Attock located in Punjab province, and proved that in District Attock, the women’s political participation is alarmingly low. This study further analyzed different types of barriers which, a woman have to face while entering in politics. Among all the barriers, the social and cultural barriers have greatest impact over the political activities of women in district Attock. This study further discussed several useful recommendations, which are needed to be implemented in our political system to enhance women’s interference in politics. |
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| Political Participation of Women: Problems and Prospects ( A Case Study of District Attock) | In any democratic country the implication of women in power struggle is one of the vital element. As normally females constitute about more than 50% of the population of any country, so it is necessary for the prosperity of democracy that women should also take part in politics. Politics is an opportunity for women to become vocal, and able them to play their part in the flourishhment and development of democracy. Women in politics can affect the policy making in the favor of women. By increasing the engagement of women in political arena, such policies must be formulated which satisfy the needs of both segments of society (i-e men & women). But unfortunately the political intervention of women in Pakistan is minimal as compared to other world’s democratic nations. In this study the, famous women which are known as important political figures in history have been discussed. This study highlighted the situation of political activism of women in district Attock located in Punjab province, and proved that in District Attock, the women’s political participation is alarmingly low. This study further analyzed different types of barriers which, a woman have to face while entering in politics. Among all the barriers, the social and cultural barriers have greatest impact over the political activities of women in district Attock. This study further discussed several useful recommendations, which are needed to be implemented in our political system to enhance women’s interference in politics. |
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| The Role of Women in Pakistan Movement: A Case Study of Muslim Women from the Punjab | The role of women in the overall development has remained important throughout the human evolution process. Like many other countries, the history of Pakistan has also witnessed its women participating in almost every aspect of life to create a new homeland for their upcoming generations. Our literature if filled with many names who played their crucial roles during the inception of Pakistan. However, the role of women during the process of independence could not achieve its due credit. Therefore, this thesis highlights the role of many women who laid their efforts and political movement for the creation of Pakistan. This study is based on historical literature review and secondary source of data in order to bring all individuals at one place in the shape of literature. This study, however, provides an in-depth analysis of Muslims women of Indian Punjab who provided their services as rehabilitators, political and social activist and most of all, as Muslim Women to have their own separate land; Pakistan. |
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| Politics in Punjab during 2013-2018: ( A Case study of District Attock) | This research study is about the development work of governing party of Punjab province during period under research. This study basic aim was to examine the development work in light of those commitments which they made with electorate to get their votes. In this study the development work delivered by governing party is assessed at district level. As political parties are the main source that put the needs and desires of common people towards governing authorities, at election time politicians made strong commitments and gained the votes so this study made evaluation that how much ruling party delivered for the development of district Attock in field of education, health and infrastructure. This research study describe the detail of all most all development projects that was initiated and completed by ruling party under their governing period. The observation shows that PML-N the governing party of Punjab province had been worked for the development of district Attock, the assessment of different developmental projects and a survey based on public opinion shows that district Attock remained at better position as rest of the districts of Punjab province. The public education sector and public health sector of district Attock made progress under the governance of PML-N and infrastructure sector is also in under developing due to induction of China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), because the CPEC western route passing through different tehsils of this district. Due to CPEC project the masses of this district benefit socially and economically. |
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| Post 9/11 Relations between Pakistan and Saudi Arabia: A Critical Study | This thesis is based on one central question: How did Pakistan maintain the bilateral relationship with Saudi Arabia in the post 9/11? The thesis asserts that the relations of Pakistan and Saudi Arabia not remained stable in the post 9/11. Their relations remained some time stable and some not as easy. The main focus of this thesis was to explore the post 9/11, bilateral relations between Pakistan-Saudi Arabia in economic and defense sectors. It also highlighted the major contributions made by both countries for each other and their role remained important for the development of both countries. This thesis also put light on the figure and facts of the relations existed between both states before 9/11. In order to complete this research the questions were taken into consideration were what is nature of Pak-Saudi bilateral relations post 9/11? What type of defense and economic ties took place between Pak-Saudi relations the post 9/11? What are the venture of these two countries to counter terrorism and radicalism? This research was conducted by using primary and secondary sources. In the last two decades the defense and economic relations between Pakistan and Saudi Arabia remained stable as many pacts and agreements signed between both states. Though, the relations are stable between them but still some areas have to be over viewed by both states making more strong relations such clear cut objectives of both states towards each other. |
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| Post 9/11 Relations between Pakistan and Saudi Arabia: A Critical Study | This thesis is based on one central question: How did Pakistan maintain the bilateral relationship with Saudi Arabia in the post 9/11? The thesis asserts that the relations of Pakistan and Saudi Arabia not remained stable in the post 9/11. Their relations remained some time stable and some not as easy. The main focus of this thesis was to explore the post 9/11, bilateral relations between Pakistan-Saudi Arabia in economic and defense sectors. It also highlighted the major contributions made by both countries for each other and their role remained important for the development of both countries. This thesis also put light on the figure and facts of the relations existed between both states before 9/11. In order to complete this research the questions were taken into consideration were what is nature of Pak-Saudi bilateral relations post 9/11? What type of defense and economic ties took place between Pak-Saudi relations the post 9/11? What are the venture of these two countries to counter terrorism and radicalism? This research was conducted by using primary and secondary sources. In the last two decades the defense and economic relations between Pakistan and Saudi Arabia remained stable as many pacts and agreements signed between both states. Though, the relations are stable between them but still some areas have to be over viewed by both states making more strong relations such clear cut objectives of both states towards each other. |
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| The State of Human Rightws Violation in Indian held Kashmir (2013-2018) | Kashmir dispute which is an unfinished and territorial issue between India and Pakistan, both are known as two atomic powers in South Asia. Which may become the cause of 3rd World War. Kashmir Dispute is creation of the Indian partition since 1947. Since then the Kashmiri people have been the victim of human rights killings by the Indian armed forces and authorities. But unfortunately, the international community has failed to attract its attention towards. There are severe clashes of human rights in Indian Occupied Kashmir, which attracts the means and principles of International law and international humanitarian law. The purpose of my research is to focus on the status of human rights in Kashmir from 2013 to 2018.For this purpose different reports have been collected which showed the worse conditions of human rights in the Indian held Kashmir. The research has brought to limelight observed that there several Draconian laws, which stand in contradiction to the standard of international human rights law. It has also been focused in this research to attract the attention of international community, International bodies and other human rights activists regarding their role and responsibility for the protection of human rights in Kashmir. The research has also urged stress given on the United Nations and other world organization to put pressure on Indian government to stop the violations and to recognize the right of self-determination for the people of Kashmir. |
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| Archeological Toursim in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa: A case Study of District Mardan | In recent past, tourism has developed one of the leading business industries of the world. Whereas heritage and archaeological tourism is one of the fastest emergent sectors in tourism industry. The tourist attractions especially heritage attractions play an important role in heritage destination development. Mardan Takhat-i-Bhai is the cultural hub of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. It is an important archaeological heritage and tourist destination in Pakistan, because of the quantity and quality of heritage attractions. Despite having a great heritage tourism potential in Mardan Takhat-I-Bhai the tourism industry has never flourished as it should be, because of various challenges. This thesis is aimed to identify the potential heritage attractions of Mardan Takhat-I- Bhai for marketing of destination. Furthermore, the challenges being faced by Archaeological tourism in Mardan Takhat-I-Bhai and on the basis of empirical data and theoretical discussion to suggest some measures to cope with these challenges to make Mardan Takhat-I-Bhai a better heritage tourist destination and boost the economy of Pakistan. To accomplish the objectives of this thesis, various theoretical perspectives regarding tourist destination development are discussed in this thesis including, destination marketing and distribution, pricing of destination, terrorism effects on destination, image and authenticity of destination. The empirical data is collected and analyze on the basis of these theories. Finally the suggestions are made to make Mardan Takhat-I-Bhai a better heritage tourist destination. |
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| The Power of presidnet's office: A comparative study pre & Post 18th Amendmet | A brief introduction to the constitutional history of Pakistan is predictable to appreciate the changes that have been made in the powers of the Presidents since independence. The constitution of Pakistan was enforced on the 14th of August 1973. With the passage of time, many amendments were added in this constitution. However, the eighteenth amendment was considerably wider in nature, changing the very substance of the administrative structures. It rested emphasis on being a Federal Parliamentary system. It laid emphasis on common self-rule in provinces. It additionally laid attention on Fundamental Rights. It also affected the President’s power. The Constitution of 1973 has twenty 26 times amendments so far. Among eight (8th), thirteen (13th), seventeenth (17th) and eighteen (18) amendments are quite at length as well as changes the powers of the President. The 18th amendment indeed proved to be a land mark in the history of Pakistan. After the advent of 1973 constitution, it turned out to be the second major turn on the road towards true democracy. It was unanimously acknowledged that the strong units create strong federation. It focused on the establishment of parliamentary form of government rather than a presidential one. For this purpose, it restructured Senate – election commission and judiciary on institutional basis. Even though, it had its flaws yet it paved the way for a democratic future. In the similar fashion, the eighteenth amendment also created new challenges for the policy makers as well. It attracted many controversies in the form of impending danger from the establishment. In the past, such bold stances taken by the politicians have always merited strict response from other state institutions |
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