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| Title | Abstract | Action(s) |
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| SOCIAL MEDIA ADDICTION AND WORKPLACE PROCRASTINATION: MODERATING ROLE OF TIME MANAGEMENT BEHAVIOR | This study examines the moderating role of time management behavior in the relationship between social media addiction and workplace procrastination among employees in Pakistan. The sample comprised 500 adults (329 men and 171 women) aged between 22 and 50 years, drawn from various private and public sector organizations in Islamabad and Rawalpindi using a non-probability convenience sampling method. A cross-sectional survey design was employed to gather data using self-reported measures: the Social Media Addiction Scale, the Procrastination at Work Scale, and the Time Management Behavior Scale. Data analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between social media addiction and workplace procrastination, indicating that higher levels of social media addiction are associated with increased procrastination at work. Conversely, time management behavior was negatively correlated with workplace procrastination, suggesting that better time management skills reduce procrastination. Importantly, time management behavior was found to moderate the relationship between social media addiction and workplace procrastination, mitigating the negative effects of social media addiction on productivity. Additionally, demographic variables, including age, gender, job status, and job type, emerged as significant predictors in understanding these relationships. The study's findings have important implications for organizational practices and employee management in the Pakistani cultural context. Enhancing time management skills among employees could serve as a practical intervention to reduce workplace procrastination driven by social media addiction, thereby improving overall productivity. This research underscores the need for culturally tailored strategies that address the unique challenges faced by employees in managing their time effectively. Further studies are recommended to explore these dynamics across different cultural and organizational contexts to better understand the role of time management behavior in mitigating the adverse effects of social media addiction on workplace performance. |
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| EXPLORING THE INTERPLAY OF EPISTEMIC CURIOSITY AND SELF-REGULATION IN MIND WANDERING AND CREATIVITY OF ADULTS | Mind wandering, a distinctive human activity which refers to a period of time in which an individual’s mind is off-track, that is, the individual's thoughts are not focused on the task being undertaken. While thinking is not always useful, it has few advantages, including helping solve problems creatively, but also make the individual curious about the incoming information and keeping oneself regulated and focused on the task at hand. The current research aims to look at how mind wandering contributes to creativity of a person and how epistemic curiosity and self-regulation mediates the process. It was a cross sectional study, with a convenience sample of 514 participants categorizing as emerging adults, establishing adults and middle adults whose ages range from 19-60 years. The subjects were selected from both employed and non-employed groups in the private and government sectors of Islamabad and Rawalpindi. In the first part of the study i.e. pilot study, firstly the English scales were translated in to Urdu by using the Brislin method of translation. The scales used were translated for the understanding, suitability and ease of filling the questionnaires. The assessment tools that are translated and used for this study are Spontaneous and Deliberate Mind Wandering (Carriere et.al., 2013), Kaufman Domains of Creativity Scale (Kaufman, 2012), Epistemic Curiosity Interest and Deprivation Type (Litman, 2008), and Short Self-Regulation Questionnaire (Brown et.al., 1999). Next statistical analyses were used to draw the reliabilities of these scales and moved on to the second and main part of this study. Results showed that there exists a positive correlation between deliberate mind wandering and various aspects of creativity except scientific creativity whereas there is negative correlation between the spontaneous mind wandering and various aspects of creativity except the scholarly type of creativity. Further the results are depicted that epistemic curiosity and self-regulation are also correlated. Moreover results also revealed that artistic type creativity and total creativity was found to be more significant for the individuals in nuclear family type. It was also found out that adults who belonged to the working class showed more significant differences in different types of creativity i.e. every day, scholarly, and total creativity with a slight difference on the interest type epistemic curiosity. Significant differences were also reported that adults who prefer to day dream scores higher on the deliberate mind wandering, performance creativity and total creativity. |
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| Perceived life stress, Psychological Well-being and Qualityof Lifeamong Patients with Diabetes:Mediating Role of CognitiveFunctioning | The aim of this study was to examine the association between Perceived life stress, Psychological Well-being and Quality of Life among Patients with diabetes and to investigate the mediating role of Cognitive Functioning in this relationship. The data were collected through purposive sampling technique from 230 male and female diabetic patients from Out-Patients Department (OPDs) of different hospitals of Islamabad and Rawalpindi cities of Pakistan. A cross-sectional research design was used to conduct the data of the present study. The Urdu version of all the questionnaire were used to measure variables. In this study, Perceived StressQuestionnaire (Levenstein, 1993), Psychological Well-being (Ryff & Keyes, 1995), Well-being health-Related Quality of Life (DeVellis, 2003) and Cognitive Functioning Self-Assessment Scale (Annunziata, Muzzatti, Giovannini, & Lucchini, 2012) were used. For the present sample, the Alpha coefficient reliability of the test scores for these measures ranged from .80 to .95that was in acceptable range and quite satisfactory. The findings of the study indicated that perceived life stress was significantly negatively correlated with psychological well-being and quality of life whereas perceived life stress was significantly positively correlated with cognitive functioning among diabetic patients. However, significant physical exercise (yes\no) related variables emerged on study variables. T-test shows that diabetic patients who did not engage in physical exercise experienced significantly higher level of perceived life stress and higher level of cognitive abnormalities. The mean differences between age-wise, marital status and job status have been found out to be highly significant. Moreover, mediation models were tested to investigate the relationship between the perceived life stress, psychological well-being and quality of life using cognitive functioning as a mediator. Using regression analysis, result suggest that a significant change in the relationship after adding the mediators. However, present study guide the other elements such as social support and physical exercise may serve as a protective barrier against the negative impact of perceived life stress on the psychological well- being and quality of life of diabetes patients. Engaging in regular physical activity aids in diminishing stress, enhancing mood and promoting general well-being. Keywords:Perceived life stress, Psychological Well-being, Quality of life, Cognitive functioning |
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| Personality Traits and Job Performance; Investigating the Role of Job Crafting and Work Engagement. | Personality traits play a significant role in shaping individuals' behavior throughout their lives, particularly in the workplace. These traits can greatly influence employees' performance and their strengths on the job. This study focuses on two key personality traits: Neuroticism and Conscientiousness, as they have a profound impact on job performance. Neuroticism is typically associated with emotional instability and erratic behavior, while Conscientiousness is considered a positive trait, often linked to reliable, goal-oriented behavior. Work engagement refers to an employee's dedication and enthusiasm toward their tasks, while Job Crafting involves actions taken by employees to modify and reduce the complexity of their work environment. The study aimed to predict the mediating role of Work Engagement and Job Crafting among working employee working in public and private sector. Sample was selected through simple random convenient probability sampling. The sample comprised of 300 employees from higher educational sector. A cross-sectional study design was used to study the relationship among variable. The data was collected through self-report measures i-e., Big five Inventory-10 items by Rammstedt and John, (2007). Utrecht Work Engagement Scale with 9-items by Schaufeli et al. (2002). The Job Crafting scale with 15 items by Slemp & Vella-Brodrick (2013), Individual Work performance Questionnaire with 13 items by Koopmans (2014). The result shown that Job Crafting and Work Engagement positively mediate the relationship between Conscientiousness and jobl performance whereas negatively mediate the relationship between neuroticism and job performance. The findings conclude that Job Crafting and Work Engagement are significant partial mediators in the relationship between Personality traits and Job Performance. |
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| EXAMINING TECHNOSTRESS, WORK ENGAGEMENT, AND BURNOUT: ROLE OF WORK-FAMILY CONFLICT AND WORKLIFE BOUNDARY CHARACTERISTICS | Technostress is pervasive and has a significant adverse effect on technology professionals' wellbeing, which could lead to burnout. As organizations are increasingly adopting advanced technologies, employees are reporting technostress arising from constant connectivity, information overload, and blurred work-life boundaries. Current study was conducted to investigate the impact of technostress on work-family conflict (WFC = Work to Family Conflict and FWC = Family to Work Conflict), work engagement, and burnout among technology professionals in Pakistan. Moreover, moderating role of work-life boundary characteristics (WLB: Work-to-life segmentation/integration LWB: Life-to-work segmentation/integration) in relationship between technostress and work-family conflict was also examined. The study tested the hypotheses using the Technostress Creators Scale, Oldenburg Burnout Inventory, Work Family Conflict Scale, Utrecht Work Engagement Scale, and Work-Life Boundary Enactment Scale. Purposive convenient sampling technique was used to collect the data. A sample of 245 technology professionals (age range 20 to 60 years; Males = 169, Females = 76) employed in three different companies located in Islamabad and Rawalpindi was included. Data was collected on study variables. SPSS was used for descriptive and correlation analyses. For testing hypothesized relationships, PROCESS MACRO (Hayes 2013) was utilized. This aligns with the principles of the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) theory, which suggests that job demands deplete personal resources and lead to negative outcomes like burnout. In other words, when professionals experience a lot of stress from technology use, they tend to have more conflicts between work and family. This conflict then leads to increased burnout. Additionally, how clearly employees set boundaries between work and personal life can influence the connection between technostress and work-family conflict. The study highlights that job demands, like constant use of technology, can drain personal resources, which supports the main ideas of the JD-R theory. This research is very important for organizations that are dealing with the effects of technostress on their employees' well-being. The insights on managing workfamily conflict and establishing work-life boundaries can help organizations support their employees, leading to greater engagement and productivity. |
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| Parenting stress and Psychological Distress among mothers of children with neuro developmental disorder: Role of emotion regulation and spousal support | This study aimed to assess the impact of parenting stress on psychological distress in mothers of children with neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD) from Rawalpindi and Islamabad along with the mediating role of emotion dysregulation and moderating role of spousal support between them. In this cross sectional study, purposive sampling technique was used to select 180 mothers whose children diagnosed with neurodevelopment disorder with age ranged between 23 60 years (M= 35.54, SD= 7.11). parenting stress scale (Berry, & Jones,1995), DASS 21 (Aslam, 2024), Difficulties in emotion regulation scale (Gratz, & Roemer,2004) and recipient of spousal support scale (Dorio, 2008), were used to measure study variables. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS-21 and process macro 4. Results of the study show significant association between parenting stress and psychological distress in mothers of children with neurodevelopmental disorder. In addition, emotion dysregulation is significant mediator while spousal support acts as a moderator between parenting stress and psychological distress, depression. Furthermore, it was observed that mothers of children with autism have high parenting stress and psychological distress than other groups. Besides, mothers having male child with NDD has more parenting stress and psychological distress than mothers of female child. The study also revealed that mother with middle socio economic status has less parenting stress and psychological distress than mother of lower socio economic status. There was no difference among mother’s education on parenting stress and psychological distress. By understanding the adverse effects of parenting stress on maternal wellbeing highlights the need for workshops teaching effective strategies. Emotion dysregulation's mediating role enriches family systems and stress theories, while spousal support's moderating role underscores social relationships' protective effects, reinforcing the value of social support in managing psychological distress. |
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| WORK OVERLOAD AND COGNITIVE FAILURE AMONG UNIVERSITY TEACHERS: THE ROLE OF COPING STYLES AND PERSONALITY FACTORS | This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between work overload, emotional exhaustion, and cognitive failure, the mediating role of emotional exhaustion and the moderating role of personality factors and coping styles in the relationship between work overload and cognitive failure, among university teachers. Purposive convenient sampling technique was used to collect data from 400 university teachers. Data about demographics variables namely age, gender, type of organization was taken. The following questionnaires were used in the current study, namely work overload questionnaire, cognitive failure questionnaire, Oldenburg burnout inventory, and the Brief Cope Inventory Results revealed positive association between work overload, emotional exhaustion, and cognitive failure. Openness and extroversion is negatively associated with work overload, emotional exhaustion and cognitive failure. Problem Focused coping and Emotional focused coping moderates the relationship between work overload and cognitive failure, whereas Avoidant coping does not moderate this relationship. Openness and extraversion, didn’t moderate the relationship. Findings of present study can be implemented in the university setting for improving the coping styles of teachers for preventing emotional exhaustion and cognitive failure. Further studies may investigate the moderating role of personality factors and coping strategies among the nursing population. |
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| EMOTIONAL LABOUR, BURNOUT AND TURNOVER INTENTIONS AMONG BANKING SECTOR EMPLOYEES: ROLE OF PERCEIVED ORGANIZATIONAL SUPPORT | This study integrates the Conservation of Resources theory and the Job Demands Resources theory to explore the effects of emotional labour strategies, specifically surface acting and deep acting, on turnover intentions among frontline banking sector employees. Additionally, it examines the mediating role of burnout (emotional exhaustion and depersonalization) and the moderating role of perceived organizational support. The research draws on survey data collected from 300 frontline employees in the banking sectors of Islamabad and Rawalpindi. The findings indicate that surface acting is positively correlated with burnout and turnover intentions, while deep acting exhibits a negative relationship with these outcomes. Burnout (emotional exhaustion and depersonalization) was found to partially mediate the impact of both surface and deep acting on turnover intentions. Although perceived organizational support was positively associated with deep acting and inversely related to surface acting and turnover intentions, it did not moderate the emotional labour strategies’ effects on turnover intentions. The study underscores the importance of implementing organizational support programs tailored to address the emotional labour challenges faced by frontline employees. It also highlights demographic factors, such as age, marital status and family system, as significant considerations in designing interventions. By fostering a more supportive work environment, banks can mitigate burnout, enhance employee well-being, and reduce turnover intentions, ultimately contributing to organizational stability and success. |
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| EMOTIONAL LABOUR, BURNOUT AND TURNOVER INTENTIONS AMONG BANKING SECTOR EMPLOYEES: ROLE OF PERCEIVED ORGANIZATIONAL SUPPORT | This study integrates the Conservation of Resources theory and the Job Demands Resources theory to explore the effects of emotional labour strategies, specifically surface acting and deep acting, on turnover intentions among frontline banking sector employees. Additionally, it examines the mediating role of burnout (emotional exhaustion and depersonalization) and the moderating role of perceived organizational support. The research draws on survey data collected from 300 frontline employees in the banking sectors of Islamabad and Rawalpindi. The findings indicate that surface acting is positively correlated with burnout and turnover intentions, while deep acting exhibits a negative relationship with these outcomes. Burnout (emotional exhaustion and depersonalization) was found to partially mediate the impact of both surface and deep acting on turnover intentions. Although perceived organizational support was positively associated with deep acting and inversely related to surface acting and turnover intentions, it did not moderate the emotional labour strategies’ effects on turnover intentions. The study underscores the importance of implementing organizational support programs tailored to address the emotional labour challenges faced by frontline employees. It also highlights demographic factors, such as age, marital status and family system, as significant considerations in designing interventions. By fostering a more supportive work environment, banks can mitigate burnout, enhance employee well-being, and reduce turnover intentions, ultimately contributing to organizational stability and success. |
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| PERCEIVED MOBBING AND BURNOUT AMONG NURSES: STUDYING ROLE OF RESILIENCE AND MINDFULNESS | Thisresearch investigatesthe effects of perceived mobbing, burnout, mindfulness, resilience, and their interrelationships among nurses. Data were collected from 400 nurses working in private, semi-government, and government sectors in Rawalpindi and Islamabad, Pakistan, using appropriate sampling techniques. The sample includes various demographic parameters such as marital status, spouse's occupation, years of experience, number of children, average working hours, family structure, and type of organization. The data analysis was conducted using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The results reveal a positive correlation between mobbing and burnout. Also we have, resilience and mindfulness were found to moderate the relationship between mobbing and burnout. The findings indicate that nurses from specific socioeconomic backgrounds are more susceptible to mobbing, while married nurses exhibit higher levels of mindfulness and resilience. The detailed results and their implications are discussed within the context of the research. |
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| ASSOCIATION OF SUICIDE BEREAVEMENT OF PARENTS AND SIBLINGS WITH OUTCOMES: THE ROLE OF SOCIAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS | The aim of the research was to investigate the relation of suicide bereavement with various outcomes including anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, shame, stigma and post traumatic growth and the role of environmental reward in these relationship. Group differences on bereavement and outcomes were explored based on circumstantial factors and demographic characteristics of the participants and the deceased including gender, age, family system, relationship status, religion, education level and occupation. The study follows mix method approach and cross-sectional research design. Two interrelated studies were conducted. Study-1 comprises the semi structured interviews followed by adaptation and instruments validation in local context while considering the initial trends in the data. Subsequently, in study-II (i-e the main study) the hypotheses testing was conducted. Sample of bereaved parents and siblings were considered within Pakistan. Participants were eligible for inclusion in the study if they had experienced bereavement within six months to five years following the death of their child or sibling. The Urdu adapted version of Core Bereavement Item Scale (Brunett et al.,1997), Environmental Reward Observation Scale (Armento & Hopko,2007), Patient Health Questionnaire by Robert et al. (1999), Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale by Spitzer et al. (2006), Impact of Event Scale by Horowitz et al. (1979), Societal Stigmatization Scale by Williams et al. (2009), State Shame Scale by Marschall et al. (1994), and Posttraumatic Growth Inventory-Short Form developed by Cann et al. (2010), followed by the demographic sheet, were used for data collection. Translation process was completed by using the procedure of Back translation technique. The findings from Study-1 provided compelling evidence regarding the validity and reliability of the translated instruments. Analysis of data from study-II revealed significant negative association between suicide bereavement and post-traumatic growth, xiv while there exists a significant positive association with Post traumatic stress disorder, shame, and stigma. However, non-significant associations were observed of anxiety and depression with bereavement. Environmental reward showed a significant positive correlation with posttraumatic growth. Considering environmental reward as moderator, the results indicated that environmental reward significantly moderated the relationship between suicide bereavement, shame, anxiety and depression. However, the environmental reward did not play a significant role in suicide bereavement effects on post-traumatic stress disorder, stigma, and post-traumatic growth. Findings revealed that the duration of suicide bereavement played a significant role. In the first year, post traumatic stress disorder, shame, anxiety, and depression were higher, while post traumatic growth and environmental reward increased with the duration of suicide bereavement. However, no significant difference was found for stigma. While examining the relationship status of parents and siblings, parents exhibited higher levels of intense bereavement, Post traumatic stress disorder, shame, anxiety, depression, and stigma. Whereas siblings showed higher levels of environmental reward and post-traumatic growth. Regarding gender differences, females experienced higher levels of depression and Post-traumatic stress disorder as compared to males. Group differences based on the gender of the deceased were also examined, revealing significant mean differences only for shame. Results indicated that the suicidal demise of a female (sister or daughter) led to significantly more shame. Group differences based on family system showed significant differences on post-traumatic stress disorder and depression. While, those living in joint family systems experienced greater depression and post-traumatic stress disorder as compared to those in nuclear families. The finding underscores the need for tailored outreach programs aimed at promoting mental health awareness and destigmatizing help-seeking behaviors among bereaved individuals and their familie |
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| INTERPLAY OF MENTALTIMETRAVEL, EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONING, ANDSELF-REGULATION WITH EMOTIONALWELL-BEING OF UNIVERSITYSTUDENTS | Mental time travel (MTT) is the capacity to mentally transport one’s self to the past or future and is widelyconsidered an important factor to the development of executive functions and self-regulation, as well as, emotional well-being (EWB). The purpose of the current research was to investigate the relationship between MTTandtheemotional experience of university students as mediated by executive functioning (EF) and self-regulation(SR). For this study, 515 undergraduate students, aged 18-25 years (M=21.55, SD=2.06) were recruited throughconvenience sampling from different universities of Rawalpindi, Islamabad and Karachi. This research was conducted in two parts. For the first phase (pilot study) of the study, the psychometric characteristics of the chosenmeasures were assessed in order to verify their suitability in measuring the variables of interest in the Pakistani context. In the second phase (main study), Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire (PRMQ), Adult Executive Functioning Inventory (ADEXI), Cognitive Flexibility Scale (CFS), Short Self-Regulation Questionnaire(SSRQ) and Emotional Well-being Scale (EWBS). The results revealed a significant positive correlation betweenmental time travel (both prospective and retrospective) with positive emotional well-being. Regression analysesshowed that MTT significantly predicted different components of EF including working memory, inhibitorycontroland cognitive flexibility. The results also showed that there is a sequential mediation of the relationships betweenmental time travel and emotional well-being by executive functioning and self-regulation. Analysis for groupdifferences indicated that gender on the study variables yielded non-significant results. However, employedstudentshad significantly higher means in positive emotional well-being and self-regulation than unemployed students. These results underscore the need for specific interventions that foster the MTT and EF competencies of universitylearners in order to help improve their overall emotional health and self-regulation. The study provides important findings to educational policymakers, mental health professionals, and scholars, which restate the importance of using multifaceted approaches to enhance students’ academic and psychological performance. |
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| CHILDHOOD TRAUMATIC EXPERIENCE AND SELF-HARM BEHAVIOR AMONG EMERGING ADULTS: ROLE OF PARENTAL ATTACHMENT AND DISTRESS TOLERANCE | The present study was designed to investigate the impact of childhood traumatic experiences on self- harm behavior among emerging adults. Total sample of (N = 332) emerging adults including both male students (n = 143) and female students (n = 189) with age range of 18 to 29 years (M = 1.57, SD = 0.50) participated from educational institutes of Islamabad, Rawalpindi and Dera Ismail Khan in the study. In this study, Childhood Traumatic Questionnaire (CTQ; Berntein & Fink, 1998), Self-Harm Inventory (Vrouva et al., 2010), Adult Scale of Parental Attachment (ASPA; Snow etal., 2005) and Distress Tolerance Sacle (DTS; Simons & Gaher, 2005) were used. The results indicated that childhood traumatic experiences have significant positive correlation with self-harm behavior and insecure parental attachment with mother and father. Childhood traumatic experiences significantly negatively correlate with secure parental attachment with mother and father. Distress tolerance non-significantly negatively correlates with childhood traumatic experiences and non-significantly positively correlates with self-harm behavior. Secure parental attachment significantly negatively correlates with distress tolerance and significantly positively correlates with insecure parental attachment. T-test shows that there are no mean differences across gender for the studied variables. It was revealed that there are hardly any mean differences across age groups and family system, whereas high mean differences across marital status, current household and education-wise for the studied variables. Moderation analysis showed that secure parental attachment with mother and insecure parental attachment with mother and father significantly moderates the relationship between childhood traumatic experiences and self-harm behavior whereas, secure parental attachment with father does not moderate the relationship. Mediation analysis showed that distress tolerance (b = -.003, CI [-.01,.003], p<.05) did not mediate the relationship between childhood traumatic experiences and self-harm behavior. The study has implications for future educational and clinical practice and makes suggestions regarding clinical interventions that focus on childhood traumatic experiences and self-harm behavior for treatment purpose and secure parental attachment to overcome maladaptive coping mechanisms as a way of reducing self-harm behavior. To lessen self-harming behaviors, clinicians can create therapeutic procedures that emphasize mending attachment relationships. The study advises doctors to use a strengths-based approach by focusing on non-pathological variables, which helps clients develop resilience and deal with hardship. Keywords: Childhood Traumatic Experience, Self-Harm Behavior, Parental Attachment and Distress Tolerance. |
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