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Analysis of Environmental Strategic Planning in Public Sector of Pakistan The governing method evolved in academia and enterprise has in large part targeted at the improvement of across the world identified perspectives, frameworks, and instruments. Different strategies which include database, case study, and content material evaluation are to be hard to degree environmental strategic planning perspectives. After the scale development measuring, different dimensions with different variables of environmental strategic planning is still missing. Therefore, the study explores and measures the broader, applicable and viable perspective of environmental strategic planning through different variables of environment sustainability. During this process, 7 to 8 variables related to environmental strategic planning were identified from the literature. These items were s further reduced to 5 in a process of item validation. Correlation and Validity factor analysis was applied and finally, 17 items were extracted.150 senior officers from BPS (17-19) working in various divisions (FGEHA, PHA, PWD, NHA, and State Office) under the Ministry of Housing and Works. Most of the officers were Dy. Assistant Directors & Assistant Directors from Housing Authority. Environmental strategic planning consists of five constructs including ecoefficiency, environmental priorities, health & safety, environmental reporting, and Innovation & Technology are identified. Eco-efficiency constructs include energy consumption mechanism, pollution prevention mechanism, and environmental implication. Environmental priorities include indicators like local and international standard's implementation, special initiatives, and employee awareness programs. Health and safety include customer health and safety as well as employee health and safety policies. Environmental reporting is constructed with standardization and clear and accurate environmental reporting as basic indicators. Similarly, Innovation & Technology includes Productivity, Research & Development, and Innovation Surveys. This thesis is used to evaluate the Environmental strategic planning in the Ministry of Housing & Works.
Analysis of Environmental Strategic Planning in Public Sector of Pakistan The governing method evolved in academia and enterprise has in large part targeted at the improvement of across the world identified perspectives, frameworks, and instruments. Different strategies which include database, case study, and content material evaluation are to be hard to degree environmental strategic planning perspectives. After the scale development measuring, different dimensions with different variables of environmental strategic planning is still missing. Therefore, the study explores and measures the broader, applicable and viable perspective of environmental strategic planning through different variables of environment sustainability. During this process, 7 to 8 variables related to environmental strategic planning were identified from the literature. These items were s further reduced to 5 in a process of item validation. Correlation and Validity factor analysis was applied and finally, 17 items were extracted.150 senior officers from BPS (17-19) working in various divisions (FGEHA, PHA, PWD, NHA, and State Office) under the Ministry of Housing and Works. Most of the officers were Dy. Assistant Directors & Assistant Directors from Housing Authority. Environmental strategic planning consists of five constructs including ecoefficiency, environmental priorities, health & safety, environmental reporting, and Innovation & Technology are identified. Eco-efficiency constructs include energy consumption mechanism, pollution prevention mechanism, and environmental implication. Environmental priorities include indicators like local and international standard's implementation, special initiatives, and employee awareness programs. Health and safety include customer health and safety as well as employee health and safety policies. Environmental reporting is constructed with standardization and clear and accurate environmental reporting as basic indicators. Similarly, Innovation & Technology includes Productivity, Research & Development, and Innovation Surveys. This thesis is used to evaluate the Environmental strategic planning in the Ministry of Housing & Works.
THE ROLE OF SOCIAL MEDIA AS TOOL OF POLITICAL COMMUNICATION IN ENHANCING POLITICAL MESSAGE: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF POLITICAL PARTIES IN PAKISTAN Social media platforms are increasingly used for political news and information by adults in the United States, especially when it comes to election time. Over the last decade, extensive literature has been published regarding social media effects on real-life political participation. Many argue that social media stimulates online and offline political participation. With the development of new media technologies, Twitter and Facebook have become increasingly popular social media tools employed in today's political process for connecting, communicating, and disseminating information in the public realm. It is a channel of two-way communication facilitating increased political participation, allowing political Message to go through without any boundaries and editorial policy filters unlike traditional media. Through a comparative analysis of selected political parties in Pakistan (PML (N), PPP & PTI), the primary objective of this research is to explore the role of social media based political communication in boosting political Message. New media allows political players, media actors, and individuals to actively participate and interact directly on Facebook pages or through Twitter accounts by passing media as gatekeepers. Therefore, it is aimed to carefully ascertain the critical role of social media in political communication. This thesis also tends to explore how and why social media has earned power regarding political communication and how it is strengthening the democratic process in Pakistan. The conceptual framework developed in this thesis is based on emerging theories of social media logic and gratification theory which allow us to conduct an analysis how political communication occur on social media. A mixed method study with both qualitative and quantitative data collection techniques was carefully chosen. The data is compiled, presented and analyzed for interpretation of results on the basis of which conclusions have drawn how political parties in Pakistan are using social media and then recommendations how this new media can be used for meaningful and effective political communication in future.
Issues and Challenges of Public Policy Implementation: A Case Study of National Electric Vehicles Policy (NEVP) This research is being carried out to identify the issues and challenges in implementation of National Electric Vehicles Policy. Electric Vehicles are new technology vehicles that are being adopted rapidly by the world and becoming popular which have several benefits including less harmful for the environment. Considering the various benefits and the growing trend of EVs, Engineering Development Board in Ministry of Industries and Production prepared the first ever National Electric Vehicles Policy (NEVP) which was approved in December 2020. EV’s growth is suffering from various problems in the world. In Pakistan after more than one year of approval of EV policy, EV industry could not start its development and there are only 28 EVs on road. In this study we have identified issues and challenges in implementation of NEVP using qualitative methods. In depth interviews have been taken from the representatives of all the four major stakeholders i.e. Policy makers, manufacturers, Charging Stations and EV owners. Thematic Analysis has been used to analyze the data. Several factors have been identified that are acting as barriers in implementation of the policy. These factors have been divided into six categories i.e. social factors, policy factors, energy factors, infrastructure factors, financial factors and technology factors. Top down implementation model along with horizontal input from private sector has been suggested which could be called a “Support Building Approach”. A Comprehensive geographical implementation plan has been suggested as well. All of the four major stake holders of the electric vehicles are facing various problems which are turning out to be the barriers, issues and challenges in implementation of the NEVP. Most of the problems faced by one sector can be handled by the other sector if timely communicated in a proper way. Therefore, there is a need to bring together all the stakeholders. This strong and single forum coordination will ease the policy implementation which will result in early adoption of EVs. Successful implementation of NEVP will lead to the several benefits that include but not limited to the reduction in GHG emissions, improved urban air quality, reduced fuel import bill, promotion of indigenization, employment opportunities and clean and green industrial development in the country.
Issues and Challenges to the Commercialization of Defence Production – a Case Study of POF This research work aimed at exploring the possibility, ways and means of transforming one specific segment of defense industry (sports and protection arms manufacturing) into a profitable trade for Pakistan. In the contemporary world, the economic growth is almost synonymous to industrial development. With an ailing economy and a limited industrial capacity, Pakistan has fewer options for industrial earnings. Pakistan has a reasonably solid industrial base for commercial production of sports and protection arms in the form of Pakistan Ordinance Factories (POF) and large number of private manufacturers. But this particular industry remained under developed. This research work aimed at evaluation of existing prospects and potentials, analysis of the factors contributing towards the under-development of this industry and the exploring ways and means to transform it into a profitable trade at national level. The study proceeded as a qualitative research. With requisite background knowledge about the subject because of over thirty years of military service, the researcher visited POF and different arms manufacturing factories / shops in Punjab and KPK. In depth interviews with the key individuals were conducted that constitute the primary data of this research. Besides, secondary data has also been collected from the relevant articles, reports published by the relevant government departments, print media, defence Journals and internet sources. Turkish model was studied in detail. Starting in eighties, Turkey followed a sound strategy to commercialize their sports and protection weapons industry and have achieved a great success. Thematic analysis has been carried out to interpret the primary data collected through IDIs. Major international trade theories were evaluated as secondary data to find out relevance for commercialization of sports and protection arms in Pakistan. The research work established that sufficient resources, prospects and potentials exist to commercialize sports and protection weapons manufacturing industry. Correct policy framework, government support for this industry and earnest endeavor to attain technological edge can help attain sufficient commercialization. As in any other trade or business, the private or corporate sector needs to assume the lead role with a sound support from the government.
ANALYSIS OF HEALTH AND SAFETY MECHANISMS OF SANITARY WORKERS DURING COVID-19: A CASE STUDY OF PUBLIC SECTOR HOSPITALS IN ISLAMABAD In the hospitals most sanitary workers are less concerned with their health and safety. This study goal is to study health and safety challenges faced by sanitary workers in public sector hospitals of Islamabad. A random sampling technique was used for selecting 200 respondents for the study. Well-structured questionnaires, interviews, and field observations were used for data collection, which were afterward analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences V20. The study showed that all the respondents faced safety, health, and discrimination in working and health related challenges. About 96.4% experienced waist and back pains. About 71.4% were not provided with personal protective equipment (PPEs) for their work during COVID-19. None of the effects of the job dissatisfaction were found in the sanitary workers performance. Sanitary workers are unsung heroes who have risked their lives for the betterment of public during COVID-19. They are aimed at keeping the environment clean plus preventing the transmission of diseases. They are the key people answerable for tidiness of the country. My study focuses on health and safety challenges of sanitary workers during COVID-19 in public sector hospitals of Islamabad. In the times of pandemic their health is at stake and no one is bothered about their health issues. There is a need to make sanitary workers aware of the health problems they are facing and the hospitals need to make sure they are in good health. Sanitary workers must be provided with personal protective equipment and insisted to use it properly. Regular medical check-up, vaccination and follow up are very important for them.
EFFECTIVENESS OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH IMPLEMENTATION IN THE PUBLIC SECTOR: A CASE STUDY OF OIL AND GAS DEVELOPMENT COMPANY The purpose of this study is to verify the effectiveness of the Occupational Safety and Health Management System in the OGDCL. OHS is an activity to ensure and protect the safety and health of the human resource through the prevention of occupational injuries and occupational diseases. One way of preventing work accidents is to implement OHS System. The OHS process begins with a good planning process to ensure that its implementation complies with the desired policies and objectives. This research adopted the quantitative approach to collect the data through questionnaires. The data has been collected from the OGDCL employees – Engineers, administrative staff and lower staff. The data has been then analyzed descriptively through SPSS version 22. Based on the results of this research, it is found that the implementation of OHS in the organization is not fully complied with the Pakistan Government Regulation. There are still few unfulfilled criteria that are concerning policy, plan of OHS, document control, product control, work security, material management, skills and abilities. This study resulted in the acquisition of the results of analysis in the achievement level of OHS as 92.2% and has been included in the satisfactory category. And analysis of the implementation of OHS to the established principles has been above 50% and can be interpreted that OHS is considered important to be applied in the organization.
DISCONNECT/GAPS BETWEEN POLICIES PRACTICES & ACADEMIC RESEARCH: A CASE OF GOVERNANCE AND PUBLIC POLICY DISCIPLINE This study aims to investigate and analyze the Disconnect/gaps between policy practices and academic research. Academic research can play a vital role from policy formulation to policy implementation. This study is purely based on a qualitative approach. The study uses qualitative type in order to investigate the stated research questions. For this purpose thematic analysis is used. For the data collection, 7 interviews and one focus group discussion were conducted in order to collect the data from the institutes of Rawalpindi and Islamabad. By using the thematic analysis technique we transcript the data in order to generate codes. After the generation of initial codes, we converted the data into modules, and then we were able to develop themes and sub-themes. Then we did a comparison and discussion with our literature review. The findings of this study reveal that the issues are still there. Some of the major issues are, lack of resources, lack of communication between institutes, struggle towards power, old education system, old curriculum, untrained faculty and academia, the distance between stakeholders due to lack of coordination, and no proper and handsome budget for education. The factors identified that the active participation of stakeholders to reduce the gaps between policy practices could be enhanced by creating awareness, coordination, capacity building, trained staff, and proper utilization of resources to update the education system and curriculum. It is recommended that the institution’s capacity must be enhanced by minimizing bureaucracy interference, ensuring good governance, and creating awareness and strong coordination and transparency in decision- making.
DISCONNECT/GAPS BETWEEN POLICIES PRACTICES & ACADEMIC RESEARCH: A CASE OF GOVERNANCE AND PUBLIC POLICY DISCIPLINE This study aims to investigate and analyze the Disconnect/gaps between policy practices and academic research. Academic research can play a vital role from policy formulation to policy implementation. This study is purely based on a qualitative approach. The study uses qualitative type in order to investigate the stated research questions. For this purpose thematic analysis is used. For the data collection, 7 interviews and one focus group discussion were conducted in order to collect the data from the institutes of Rawalpindi and Islamabad. By using the thematic analysis technique we transcript the data in order to generate codes. After the generation of initial codes, we converted the data into modules, and then we were able to develop themes and sub-themes. Then we did a comparison and discussion with our literature review. The findings of this study reveal that the issues are still there. Some of the major issues are, lack of resources, lack of communication between institutes, struggle towards power, old education system, old curriculum, untrained faculty and academia, the distance between stakeholders due to lack of coordination, and no proper and handsome budget for education. The factors identified that the active participation of stakeholders to reduce the gaps between policy practices could be enhanced by creating awareness, coordination, capacity building, trained staff, and proper utilization of resources to update the education system and curriculum. It is recommended that the institution’s capacity must be enhanced by minimizing bureaucracy interference, ensuring good governance, and creating awareness and strong coordination and transparency in decision- making.
Understanding Citizen Trust in Local Governance: An empirical exploration of critical factors in citizen-centered administration of Islamabad, Pakistan The foremost objective of present research study is to understand the level of Citizen Trust and to explore the critical factors affecting the trust among citizens within the domain of Islamabad, Pakistan. Although there are many researches based on the Citizen Trust but only few of them address the specific context of Pakistan and these studies were unable to reveal the ground realities. These studies were not able to disclose the mechanisms via which the barriers in Citizen Trust arise. Furthermore, these studies did not analyze Public Service Performance as a mediator between the connection of Citizen Trust and Good Governance. The role of Civic engagement as a moderator between the relationship of Good governance and Public service Performance has not been evaluated in the previous studies. To gather data, closed-ended surveys were distributed among Islamabad residents using simple random sampling, and analyzed with SPSS and Smart PLS software. Findings point out a strong positive relationship between Good Governance and Citizen Trust, with Public Service Performance acting as a significant mediator. Moreover, Civic Engagement enhances the impact of Public Service Performance on Citizen Trust. The research highlights the need to address citizen concerns and bureaucratic challenges to build trust. The outcomes offer valuable insights for local municipalities to improve effectiveness and strengthen Citizen Trust by addressing public issues. Keywords: local governance, citizen trust, civic engagement, good governance, public service performance.
Understanding Citizen Trust in Local Governance: An empirical exploration of critical factors in citizen-centered administration of Islamabad, Pakistan The foremost objective of present research study is to understand the level of Citizen Trust and to explore the critical factors affecting the trust among citizens within the domain of Islamabad, Pakistan. Although there are many researches based on the Citizen Trust but only few of them address the specific context of Pakistan and these studies were unable to reveal the ground realities. These studies were not able to disclose the mechanisms via which the barriers in Citizen Trust arise. Furthermore, these studies did not analyze Public Service Performance as a mediator between the connection of Citizen Trust and Good Governance. The role of Civic engagement as a moderator between the relationship of Good governance and Public service Performance has not been evaluated in the previous studies. To gather data, closed-ended surveys were distributed among Islamabad residents using simple random sampling, and analyzed with SPSS and Smart PLS software. Findings point out a strong positive relationship between Good Governance and Citizen Trust, with Public Service Performance acting as a significant mediator. Moreover, Civic Engagement enhances the impact of Public Service Performance on Citizen Trust. The research highlights the need to address citizen concerns and bureaucratic challenges to build trust. The outcomes offer valuable insights for local municipalities to improve effectiveness and strengthen Citizen Trust by addressing public issues. Keywords: local governance, citizen trust, civic engagement, good governance, public service performance.
Environmental Impact of Mass Tourism: The Study of Gilgit-Baltistan This research is being carried out to identify the challenges and opportunities in adoption and implementation of Sustainable Ecotourism Development in District Nagar, GB. The SED is a new concept that are being adopted rapidly by the world especially developed countries, and becoming popular which including several benefits likewise, less harmful for the ecology and sustainable green economy. Sustainable Ecotourism Development not only provides economic benefits to local communities, but also protect the ecology and natural resources while providing decent economic benefits, SED is essential for tourism development in long run. Qualitative research approach was used to identified the challenges and opportunities of SED. In depth interviews have been taken from the resource persons among all the five major stakeholders i.e. Government official, Tourists, Native Community members, Academia, and Hospitality industry with tour operators. Thematic Analysis has been used to analyze the data. This study found that the current progress of tourism development in Nagar is unsustainable and several factors identified that ask as a challenges for ecotourism development that are, uncontrol mass tourism, policy gap, lake of regulation and implementation, major challenges are community engagement is missing in the tourism process and policy framework, unsustainable development due to lack of township planning, lack of zoning within the ecological range and awareness issues in the community and within the government sector as well. Further, this research also highlights the available opportunities for adaptation of SED that are found as a pure nature, potential of adventure tourism, rich culture and historic villages, Karakoram highway across district and adjacent to China, thus, within the district organic food appealing for tourism, potential for Agri-tourism, wildlife with unique ecology and the heritage. The lack of systemic collaboration between government and all major stakeholder led various concerns regarding sustainable ecotourism development. The first successful sustainable ecotourism model Trophy Hunting is started from Nagar district. Recommendation is to engage community and all stakeholder for collective efforts with the systemic way and effective polices to cope with unstainable tourism and it ecological concerns. The adaptation of SED will provide edge to contribute mutual benefits of ecotourism among the whole stakeholders and conservation of the native ecology in long term.
GENDER INCLUSION AND DEVELOPMENT, EXPLORING THE FACTORS IMPACTING THE WOMEN PARTICIPATION IN RENEWABLE ENERGY TRANSITION IN PAKISTAN. This thesis explores the complex elements impacting women cooperation in the sustainable energy change in Pakistan, with an emphasis on orientation consideration and improvement. This is a qualitative survey questionnaire method. Notwithstanding the worldwide shift towards sustainable energy, women contribution in this area stays restricted in Pakistan because of a blend of socio-social, financial, and strategy related boundaries. The review recognizes key hindrances, for example, customary orientation jobs, restricted admittance to schooling and preparing in STEM fields, and absence of steady strategies. Socio-social standards frequently confine women versatility and dynamic power, further fueling their underrepresentation in the sustainable power labor force. Monetarily, women face obstructions in getting to monetary assets and enterprising open doors inside this area. On the other hand, the examination highlights the critical advantages of expanded female cooperation in the sustainable energy progress. Women bring special viewpoints and imaginative arrangements that can drive maintainability and local area acknowledgment of sustainable power drives. Improved cooperation of women could prompt more comprehensive development and impartial advancement results. The thesis proposes key proposals to address these obstructions, including the execution of orientation delicate strategies, designated instructive and professional preparation programs, and the arrangement of monetary motivations for women business people in the environmentally friendly power area. It advocates for a cooperative methodology including government bodies, non-legislative associations, and confidential area partners to establish an empowering climate for women dynamic commitment.
GENDER AND ENERGY POVERTY; EXPLORING THE INTERRELATIONSHIP BETWEEN UNCLEAN COOKING FUEL AND WOMEN’S HEALTH This study investigates the correlation between unclean cooking fuel and women's health. As one of the pressing facts of energy poverty, the use of unclean cooking fuels disproportionately affects women, causing manifold health issues due to prolonged exposure. The study employs a qualitative survey questionnaire method. The results depict a pervasive dependency on unclean fuels due to gender roles and socio-economic factors. This dependency results in significant health problems for women, such as respiratory diseases and eye problems. With these findings, the paper argues for gender-responsive strategies for energy poverty alleviation, advocating for cleaner and more accessible cooking fuel options in rural Pakistan. The study highlights the importance of incorporating gender considerations in addressing energy poverty for a more sustainable and equitable society. The usage of biomass fuel is quite common in low and middle-income countries. Burning of biomass fuels immediately ruins the air and puts people at risk for numerous ailments; this also affects the residents of Bhalwal hamlet. The purpose of the study is to demonstrate the impact of biomass fuel on the women’s health of the people of Bhalwal village and the residents' satisfaction with the transition from traditional stoves to better ones (good electric stoves). Fuel consumption is a heavy burden and a major problem in the third World countries due to indoor pollution and poverty, especially in Pakistan. This study investigates the relationship between the usage of biomass fuel and energy poverty in cooking fuel choices in remote areas of Bhalwal, district Sargodha Pakistan. This article also shows how women utilize biomass fuel for heating and cooking since they are low on energy, which hurts their health and alters the climate. The participants' willingness to convert to modern stoves was indicated by the results, which also indicated that traditional stoves have detrimental consequences on the environment and human health. Furthermore, the study demonstrates a favorable correlation between healthcare expenses and the usage of biomass fuel for cooking and heating purposes. Because of poor wealth most women in the remote areas are using biomass fuel for cooking and heating purposes The research findings also showed that diseases such diseases as asthma, skin irritation, ocular irritation and other ailments were frequent in women and children. In total, the findings presented support the association between health care expenditure and biomass fuel utilization. Women may rush to design and use new energy-saving solutions to protect their health in light of the diseases associated with bad cooking oil. Consequently, the problem in connection with the issues of the negative effect of biomass fuels on the health of the inhabitants, the indication of safety measures, and the introduction of appropriate policies, can remove the problems associated with biomass fuels. Keywords: Biomass fuel, Clean cooking fuel, Women’s health hazards, Energy poverty, Gender inequality, Pakistan.