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Super scaling processing using VLIW (WBAN) is a special purpose wireless sensor network designed to connect various self autonomous medical sensors and appliances which are located inside and outside of a human body. Now a days interests in human Healthcare Monitoring System (HMS) are based on Wireless Body Area Sensor Network (WBAN) due to the increasing aging population and chronically ill patients at home. HMS is expected to reduce healthcare expenses by enabling the continuous monitoring of patient’s health remotely during their daily life activities. The major problems arise in health monitoring system now a days are based on maximum energy consumption and high packet drop ratio during the routing mechanism and real time analysis and support to the patients through doctors, caregivers and hospital systems. Based on these limitations in the existing Literature we have proposed a reliable and Quality of service aware Routing Protocol which supports successful packet delivery ratio among multiple sensor nodeswhichimproves the quality of service. This proposed scheme is capable to route the data from sensor nodes in normal and emergency circumstanceswhich results in reducing signal to Noise ratio for maximum number of rounds. The proposed scheme is also capable for the continuous monitoring of human physiological data by using sensors deployed on human body at remote locations. We have also designed theWBAN framework solution for elderly and chronically ill patients in health care diagnosis and intelligent decision making.
Introducing framework for user centered design into Agile Enviorement Agile methodology lacks in usability and most of the time issues like usability do not lead the software toward success. User-Centered Design supports usability and according to UCD, the client should be a part of the process from planning to handover phase. Integration of these two areas is a difficult and challenging task with respect to its applicability for collocated and distributed level. This research focuses on Agile and UCD integration, providing a few practices and artifacts to guide designer's and Agile teams to overcome the challenges. How UCD techniques can support Agile, mainly scrum, in order to deal with usability issues. In thesis, we have demonstrated the levels and phases where stakeholders, especially the user involvement and interaction is necessary. Case study and observation method have been followed. The result of this research is a framework.
MULT/HOP cooperative wireless communication with signal Space diversity The cooperative communication in wireless multi-hop networks is a reliable energy efficient mechanism that mitigates the effects of channel fading and improves the performance and throughput of the systems. In this report, green cooperative multi-hop scheme is proposed by employing signal space diversity (SSD). The proposed scheme offers a significant improvement in performance of the regenerative multi-hop networks without the requirement of extra bandwidth or power. The expressions for the average end to end bit error probability of the multi-hop networks employing the SSD scheme is derived. The optimal relay location for a better performance and the total energy consumption of the scheme is also probed. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme provides better quality of service and is more energy efficient compared to the conventional decode and forward scheme in single-hop as well as multi-hop situations. Further space-time Alamouti code is also presented with signal space diversity for multi-hop cooperative wireless communication systems. Using two transmit antennas, constellation rotation and interleaving at the source, the signal is forwarded to the destination node via relay link(s). The simulation results show an improved performance of the end to end average bit error rate
Robust Maximum Likelihood(ML) and sphere decoder (SD) for MIMI wireless Communication channel 5G wireless technology is going to implement around 2020. Future developing wireless technologies and the developments, that they require will figure out that 5G is developed as evolutionary or revolutionary. 5G wireless research accomplishment is already considering numerous technologies for a future wireless network. Minimum latency and fast speed data rate will be the subject for the future 5G background. Five key research constituencies will have the prevalent effect on advancing 5G: D2D communication, M-MIMO, beamforming, small cell distribution and mm-wave. Accordingly, 5G ought to bolster latencies lower than 1ms, which will majorly affect outline decisions at all layers. One of the approaches to lessen latency is through large-scale small cells is D2D communication. D2D communication in in-band cellular systems is characterized as direct communication between two wireless devices without passing through the BTS or core system. The applications of D2D communication are local services like data offloading, emergency communication like a natural disaster, IoT enhancement like IoV, V-MIMO and cooperative relay. D2D communication is classified as in-band (licensed band) and out-band (unlicensed band) D2D communication. Further in-band is exploited as an underlay and overlay D2D communication. To initiate D2D communication for in-band underlay network device discovery is the major issue. In the general, device discovery can be divided into two phases. First is the initiation of the discovery process and second is the control of discovery process. In the initiation of the discovery process, the first is the ad-hoc based approach, where the discovery is carried out by the devices themselves through transmitting a known synchronization or reference signaling. The second is the network-controlled approach, by which the system uses paging or different signaling to intervene discovery process by perceiving D2D users and potential services. Devices might communicate deprived of human mediation to do an activity or to distinguish or discover the different devices. Devices may likewise specifically communicate with a human to pass on data to human or to get data straightforwardly from a human for determination making. A device is required to can route information to different devices and exchange data with different devices in the heterogeneous network, regardless of its underlying technology. Intrinsically, neighboring devices may not really need to communicate over the core system. Therefore, there need intelligent routing algorithms to efficient device discovery and D2D communication. Efficient device discovery in in-band underlay cellular network D2D communication using intelligent routing algorithm is proposed in this research proposal. Device discovery is performed for both open and restricted device discovery. The device discovery contains the following characteristics: Device discovery in roaming condition, discovery when devices in out of coverage base in past information of the network and device, fast discovery in the densest area, energy efficiency, accuracy and minimum signaling overhead and discovery when devices in different cells. All the key specialized challenges for device discovery are critical challenges, since before beginning D2D communication.
FRAMEWORK DEVELOPMENT FOR REQUIREMENT NEGOTIATION USING BLOCKCHAIN Requirement engineering is the process of defining, documenting and maintaining the requirements. The quality and reliability in requirement engineering process creates quality software projects. These processes operate on different levels of software development to elicitate, negotiate, validate and prioritize the requirements. This elicitation, validation, prioritization and negotiation process lies in requirement negotiation. Several algorithms and techniques are used to gather quality requirements but still there is lack of quality of software projects. To improve the quality, sustainability and reliability of software project requirement negotiation process needs further enhancement with advanced technology. So the aim of thesis is to introduce an innovative technology blockchain oriented requirements engineering to ensure that the gathered requirements are fulfilling customer wants accurately. The use of blockchain platform in requirement engineering will help to gather correct and complete requirements with efficiency. It will improve the quality of software projects. A framework on blockchain oriented requirement engineering is proposed to overcome the challenges in requirement negotiation. This framework will be proposed by using mixed method research. The mixed method research will validate and justify the blockchain based framework in requirement negotiation. By implementing blockchain platform in requirement engineering the processes of requirement gathering and validation will fast, easy, according to customer needs and effective moreover the failure rate of projects will be reduced. It will also improve the quality, reliability, and sustainability of software projects and the researchers will easily negotiate for data elicitation and validation and the students will further use this field for better performance of methods and algorithms used in software engineering. The reliability of the requirement negotiation process will also be improved because of the improvement of its factors.
EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION OF VALUE-FOCUSED THINKING IN SOFTWARE ENGINEERING EDUCATION The number of software development projects fail every year which is considered as a big threat to the software industry. Software developers are unable to complete their projects within the allocated time and resources due to a lack of their understanding towards “value-focused thinking”. Value-focused thinking is considered to focus the choices on the vital activities that must happen before solving the problem. To have successful software development, there is a need to build the understandability of value-focused thinking among the students during the education of software engineering. Based on the understandability of value-focused thinking practices, the students play an important role in the industry and deliver a highquality product within the resources and time. In this study, survey methodology is used. A questionnaire as an instrument is used. This study is set out to discover the concept of value-focused thinking in the software engineering education department. In doing so, this study provides the detail about the extent of awareness about valuefocused thinking among the students and faculty of the software engineering education department. Besides, three practices of value-focused thinking are explored and reported with the ways to diffuse these practices in the software engineering education departments. This research is providing a sound contribution to the software engineering body of knowledge by providing an approach that can diffuse values in the software engineering education curriculum. This research will help software engineering students to develop skills for applying value-focused thinking practices in software development.
FRAMEWORK DEVELOPMENT FOR REQUIREMENT PRIORITIZATION Requirements engineering is a crucial phase of software engineering, and requirements prioritization is an essential stage of requirements engineering. Requirements prioritization goals at eliciting which requirements of software need to be covered in a particular release. The key point is which requirement will be selected in the next iteration and which one will be delayed to other iterations for minimizing risk during development and meeting stakeholders' needs. There are many existing methods for requirement prioritization, but most of these methods do not cover continuous growth and change of requirements. Therefore, there is a need of a framework which can help to prioritize the requirements efficiently. A systematic literature review has been performed to identify the different aspects from the existing literature. Available methods for requirement prioritization are also studied in order to find the limitations. To complete this study, the partially mixed research method has been used. The partially mixed research method contains the mixture of qualitative and quantitative methods. After identification of aspects from the systematic literature review, a survey has been performed to gain the market knowledge of the requirement prioritization process. In order to add more clarity to the results of survey, a focus group discussion has been conducted and triangulation process has been applied to find and validate the final results, using these aspects a framework has been designed to improve the requirements prioritization process. The designed framework takes raw or non-prioritized requirements as input and a list of most important aspects that has been identified in this study, then each requirement is mapped with each aspect using scale o to 3. 0 for no relation, 1 for weak relation, 2 for moderate relation, and 3 for strong relation, this provides an importance score and each requirement is then prioritized based on obtained importance score, which is presented by the framework as output.
CHALLENGES AND SOLUTIONS FOR SUSTAINABLE SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT: A DEVELOPER’S PERSPECTIVE Sustainable software development has emerged as one of the leading concerns in the recent years. Sustainability in software development is a challenging task. With increasing development and use of software in the present world, software sustainability and its sustainable development are becoming big challenges for the industry. There is a need to check the awareness level of developers and identify the challenges and solutions for sustainable software development. It is found that there are few studies investigating the awareness level of software developers for sustainable software development besides its implementation challenges. The objective of this study is to check awareness level of software developer and provide strategy against the challenges for sustainable software development. To fulfil this objective the survey methodology is used. Survey is conducted through questionnaire to check the awareness level, and to catalog challenges and provide strategies against those challenges for sustainable software development. A total of 109 software developers participated in survey, and their opinion was taken that either they face enlisted challenges during sustainable software development or not. And different strategies were provided by the survey respondents to overcome those challenges. This research contributes towards state of knowledge and practice by highlighting the awareness level of software developers regarding sustainable software development, by enlisting challenges and by providing strategies to overcome those challenges which developers face during sustainable software development
CHALLENGES AND SOLUTIONS FOR SUSTAINABLE SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT: A DEVELOPER’S PERSPECTIVE Sustainable software development has emerged as one of the leading concerns in the recent years. Sustainability in software development is a challenging task. With increasing development and use of software in the present world, software sustainability and its sustainable development are becoming big challenges for the industry. There is a need to check the awareness level of developers and identify the challenges and solutions for sustainable software development. It is found that there are few studies investigating the awareness level of software developers for sustainable software development besides its implementation challenges. The objective of this study is to check awareness level of software developer and provide strategy against the challenges for sustainable software development. To fulfil this objective the survey methodology is used. Survey is conducted through questionnaire to check the awareness level, and to catalog challenges and provide strategies against those challenges for sustainable software development. A total of 109 software developers participated in survey, and their opinion was taken that either they face enlisted challenges during sustainable software development or not. And different strategies were provided by the survey respondents to overcome those challenges. This research contributes towards state of knowledge and practice by highlighting the awareness level of software developers regarding sustainable software development, by enlisting challenges and by providing strategies to overcome those challenges which developers face during sustainable software development
HUMAN ASPECTS VALUE BASED SOFTWARE ENGINEERING: A DEVELOPER’S PERSPECTIVE Human values are increasingly recognized as the most important aspect of software development. To address values in software engineering, human values such as respect, social justice, integrity, social responsibility, and software sustainability have little focused. A limited set of values have been explored and some of the reasons are lack of guidelines for addressing values in software development methodology, ignoring the fact of human values of the developers of software, lack of diversity among technology leaders to address values. Software developers are directly involved in software development and infuse their values are in practice adaptions of software development practices. Ignoring such values to address in software development can risk for loss of user satisfaction, financial loss, and overall software quality. Thus, this study aims to explore the needed values of software developers which are explicitly and effectively addressed during software development. A survey methodology was employed in this study to explore the industry-based information regarding human values of software developers to infuse in practice adoption of software development practices. Developers from the industry participated in the survey through the questionnaire. A survey instrument is adopted from Shawartz’s basic theory for humans values, which is the most comprehensive to date. Results are analyzed through fundamental statistics to examine the values priorities of developers in development practices. The findings of this research suggest that developer's values help crucially to take decisions in the practice of software development. Cultural aspects, integrity, autonomy, and social responsibility are some of the most explicit values in action. This study not only helps to realize the technology leaders to resist the fundamental human aspect that can address values in software engineering, but also provide guiding philosophy related to the developer's perspective to infuse them in development practices. By the results of this research, it is suggested that human values should be practiced and existing software engineering methods must conform for human values to address in software development practices with evolutionary adaptations.
GUIDELINES FOR MITIGATION OF COMMUNICATION ISSUES IN GLOBAL SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT Within the last several years, Global Software Development (GSD) has a significant impact on the business and software industries. Many software development companies enjoy the benefits of GSD, including cost reduction, cheap labor, and skilled workers around the clock, but these companies also posed some problems because of GSD. These problems affect the long-term survival of GSD projects. One of the GSD's major problems is communication amongst the various team members of the companies. As a result, the purpose of this research is to determine the communication issues that can affect on GSD and propose a mitigation strategy for the solution of the identified communication issues A systematic literature review (SLR) is carried out to determine communication issues in GSD, and then a mitigation strategy is proposed as a solution to these problems. After that, an online survey is conducted to validate the communication issues that can affect on GSD finds through SLR. Then a focus group conducted to validate the mitigation strategies that can be given for communication issues. The results of our research are to be helpful for GSD based companies in context of communication related issues. Our research is to be fruitful for the researchers that can find the solution of coomunication related issues in GSD..
A MECHANISM FOR TASK DECOMPOSITION OF MICROTASKING IN CROWDSOURCED SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT A Mechanism for Task Decomposition of Microtasking in Crowdsourced Software Development Software crowdsourcing has reshaped the form of software development and gained more importance in recent years. Microtasking is one of the models of crowdsourcing which involves the decomposition of complex task into the number of simple, short and self-contained tasks (microtasks). It has been observed that it is difficult for microtasking platforms to define the criteria for decomposition of task into microtasks. Less research has focused to microtasking in software crowdsourcing for the development of task decomposition mechanism. This research fills this gap by focusing on enlisting the task decomposition methods and microtasking activities which exist in crowdsourced software development. Systematic Literature Review has been conducted to identify the task decomposition methods and microtasking activities. A total of 70 research articles are reviewed in systematic review, 72 microtasking activities and 14 task decomposition methods are found. Expert review has been conducted to validate the naming conventions and positioning of identified microtasking activities in their specific microtasking categories. Identified task decomposition methods are compared to check if these are suitable to decompose dependent, independent and hybrid tasks into microtasks. Literature has revealed that no existing task decomposition method can decompose all types of tasks i.e., dependent, independent and hybrid tasks. This study fills this gap by proposing the Hybrid model which can decompose dependent, independent and hybrid tasks into microtasks. Proposed task decomposition model is iterative in nature which can be useful for crowdsourcing and microtasking platforms.
LEARNING THROUGH VIRTUAL REALITY LABORATORY APPLICATION: A USER STUDY Learning Through Virtual Reality Laboratory Application: A User Study In today’s digital world, smart and emerging technologies like virtual reality are now becoming a necessity in the field of education. The need is instigated by a lack of student’s interest and engagement in STEM (Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) subjects. As a result, student’s performance is negatively affected in such subjects. Numerous studies have been conducted to evaluate virtual reality in education but have lacked participants and education level. The purpose of this study is to measure the effectiveness of a virtual laboratory on secondary school students' practical learning of Physics. In this case, a desktopbased virtual laboratory application was developed with four Physics laboratory experiments based on students learning parameters and virtual reality design guidelines which obtained from the literature. The main research methodology was a user study, conducted with 184 participants from 4 secondary schools. Each school consisted of experimental group (used virtual laboratory) and control group (used physical laboratory). The data was collected using a Physics quiz at the end of study from both groups. The results showed, mean score of an experimental group 7.16 was greater than control group mean 5.87. This revealed that participant’s learning using virtual laboratory was better than participants of physical laboratory. The results also revealed no significant difference in performance of boys and girls in the two groups. The usability test was completed through SUS (System Usability Scale) questionnaire which included 92 participants of experimental group in order to assess the interface of an application. The internal consistency was measured using Cronbach alpha with an achieved value of 0.76 for the questionnaire. The SUS score was calculated and found results above average with a value of 73.5. The participants who used the virtual laboratory application found it easy to use, user-friendly and helpful for learning
FRAMEWORK FOR EFFECTIVE UTILIZATION OF DISTRIBUTED SCRUM Distributive and Global Software Development (GSD) is the latest on-going trend in software development industry. Global Software Development is the development that is distributed among multiple locations that are separated by nationwide or international boundaries. The COVID-19 Pandemic of 2019 and 2020 has enforced development teams to work in a more distributive manner. There is an emerging concern of using agile practices in GSD projects to get the mutual benefits of both distributive and agile methods. Scrum, as an agile most known methodology, is currently admired by many software development teams. According to survey the scrum method of agile software development is used over by 89% of agile development teams. Scrum is typically considered to be productive for small-scale projects with co-located teams because Scrum teams are self-organized and enabled on great team collaboration and communication. While, the project stakeholders in GSD projects are usually distributed by time-based, geographic and social and cultural distances that results the generation a numerous challenge or risks that might effect on teams communication and collaboration process. Therefore, we were aimed to identify the challenges confronted by distributed scrum teams and the mitigation strategies adopted by distributed scrum teams to overcome the confronted challenges. We conducted a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) by following Kitchenham guidelines to identify the challenges that limit the use of Scrum in GSD and to explore the mitigation strategies adopted by practitioners to resolve the challenges. To validate our review findings, we conducted an industrial survey of 305 practitioners. The results of our study are consolidated into a research framework. The framework represents current best practices and recommendations to mitigate the identified distributed scrum challenges and is validated by five distributed scrum experts. Results of the expert review were found supportive, reflecting that the framework will help the stakeholders deliver sustainable products by effectively mitigating the identified challenges.