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Title انتہاپسندی اور اس کے مسلم معاشرے پر اثر ات (اسلامی تعلیمات کی روشنی میں تجزیاتی مطالعہ)

Author(s) Ms. Sara Bhutta

Abstract This research study critically examines extremism in the context of Muslim societies, defining it not as terrorism or political violence, but as ghulūw a form of excess, exaggeration, or deviation from the balance and moderation prescribed by Islam. Extremism, as conceptualized in this dissertation, refers to the tendency of excess or deficiency (ifrat and tafriṭ) in belief, worship, conduct, and social dealings. The study underscores that Islam, through the concept of ummatan wasaṭan (the balanced community), promotes moderation, rationality, and equilibrium in every aspect of human life. The first chapter explores the conceptual framework of extremism, emphasizing the significance of moderation and identifying its intellectual, psychological, and social causes and manifestations. The second chapter analytically discusses the various forms of extremism manifested in beliefs (i‘tiqādāt), acts of worship (‘ibādāt), and social and transactional behaviors (mu‘āmalāt). The third chapter investigates the multidimensional impacts of extremism on Muslim societies—intellectual and ideological distortion, decline in religious tolerance, sectarian conflicts, disintegration of family and social harmony, and deterioration of political, economic, and educational systems. The fourth chapter proposes a comprehensive framework for countering extremism through intellectual, moral, and educational reform. It emphasizes the necessity of reviving authentic Islamic thought, fostering ethical character-building, strengthening educational and training mechanisms, and establishing a reformed social system based on justice, compassion, and balance. Methodologically, the study employs an analytical and descriptive approach, drawing on primary Islamic sources the Qur’an and Sunnah—along with the works of classical and contemporary scholars. The findings suggest that the eradication of extremism is possible only through the integration of sound knowledge, ethical discipline, and balanced religious understanding. The research concludes that a return to the Islamic principles of moderation and harmony is essential for restoring intellectual stability and social well-being within Muslim societies. Keywords: Extremism, Moderation, Ghulūw, Ifrat and Tafriṭ, Intellectual Reform, Moral Education, Islamic Ethics, Social Harmony, Balanced Society’

Type Thesis/Dissertation PhD

Faculty Social Sciences

Department Islamic thought & Culture

Language Urdu

Publication Date 2026-01-15

Subject Islamic Studies

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