Content Details | NUML Online Research Repository

Content Details

Back to Department Listing

Title ENERGY DIPLOMACY OF RUSSIA IN KAZAKHSTAN (2018-2025): GEOPOLITICAL IMPLICATIONS FOR CHINA

Author(s) Bushra Zardad

Abstract This paper analyzes the energy politics of Russia in Kazakhstan, 2018-2025, and how it affects the Chinese geopolitics. It states that Russia having its control over the energy export infrastructure of Kazakhstan, especially via the pipelines, for example the CPC and Uzen- Atyrau-Samara, makes Moscow a gatekeeper in the region, allowing it to restrict the sovereignty of Kazakhstan and the influence of China. Although Beijing has invested in the Belt and Road Initiative and developed direct oil and gas pipelines, its energy security is still limited by structural reliance on routes traditionally controlled by Russia. As a nation with a multi-vector foreign policy, Kazakhstan hopes to balance out Russian pressure with Chinese investment and partners of the West, thus allowing it to have greater strategic freedom. As the analysis has pointed out, energy, in this case, is not only an economic commodity, but also a means of diplomacy and projection of power. The findings indicate the key role of Kazakhstan as a road and a battleground in the wider conflict over control of Eurasia. The research design is grounded on qualitative research, and thematic analysis of secondary sources (scholars’ books, journal articles, government reports and policy papers) will be carried out, with the main data sources being represented by the publications of the Russian and Kazakh governments. The proposed method will permit the close examination of the application of energy diplomacy as a geopolitical tool in the region. Key words: Energy Diplomacy, Regional Connectivity, Special Economic Zone, Geopolitical Dynamics.

Type Thesis/Dissertation

Faculty Social Sciences

Department International Relations

Language English

Publication Date 2025-12-22

Subject

Publisher

Contributor(s)

Format

Identifier

Source

Relation

Coverage

Rights