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Title CHINA-US CONTESTATION IN SOUTH CHINA SEA (2009-2022): POLITICAL IMPLICATIONS FOR THE REGION

Author(s) Ihtisham Ul Haq

Abstract The South China Sea (SCS) is a vital maritime region rich in fisheries and hydrocarbon reserves, estimated at 105 billion barrels, earning it the nickname ‘Second Persian Gulf.’ Strategically positioned, it connects the Pacific and Indian Oceans via key straits like Malacca and Lombok, serving as a major global trade and energy hub. Over half of the world’s shipping fleet traverses its waters, exceeding the Suez Canal’s traffic threefold and the Panama Canal’s fifteenfold, highlighting its strategic importance. This study examines China’s role in the SCS from 2009 to 2022, focusing on its territorial claims, military build-up, and geopolitical strategies, alongside U.S. interests and grounds for contestation. It explores power dynamics between the two nations and their impact on regional stability. Using document analysis of official statements, policies, and agreements, the study identifies recurring patterns and strategic shifts. Findings suggest the U.S. aims to maintain global dominance and regional presence, while China views external interventions as threats to its sovereignty. Southeast Asian states respond differently to the rivalry; some avoid antagonizing China due to economic ties, others align with the U.S., and some push for regional cooperation to reduce external influence. The SCS remains a focal point of global tensions, with sovereignty disputes and maritime jurisdiction conflicts intensifying U.S.-China competition, forcing regional players like Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Cambodia to navigate a delicate balancing act.

Type Thesis/Dissertation

Faculty Social Sciences

Department International Relations

Language English

Publication Date 2025-06-18

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