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Title Necropolitics & Learned Helplessness: A Study of the Selected Texts of Mirza Waheed & Atiq Rahimi

Author(s) Faizan Muhammad

Abstract Title: Necropolitics and Learned Helplessness: A Study of the Selected Texts of Mirza Waheed and Atiq Rahimi The paradigm of this research is in socio-political and psychological perspective. The primary texts, The Collaborator and Earth and Ashes, are grounded in the war-stricken condition of Kashmir and Afghanistan, respectively. This study employs the theoretical concepts of Necropolitics and Learned Helplessness to explore the primary texts for factual fictionality. Necropolitics, proposed by Cameroonian author Achilles Mbembe in his book Necropolitics, has been employed in the socio-political manner. Whereas Learned Helplessness, proposed by the American psychologist Martin Seligman, talks about the psychological aspects. Moreover, the method employed for the analysis of the texts is Textual Analysis propagated by Catherine Belsey. The study, however, has highlighted the socio-political effects of Necropolitics and the consequent psychological and behavioral helplessness that the victims suffer. The effects of Necropolitics and Learned Helplessness have badly affected the socio-political situation of society and psychological condition of the characters. Regarding the relation between the two theoretical perspectives in light of the texts, it has been found out that Necropolitics intensifies Learned Helplessness; but, the effects of latter on the former is dependent on uncontrollability of the event, contingency of future, and cognition and explanatory style of the characters. In the last, the study is significant in the sense that the effects of socio- political and psychological application of Necropolitics and Learned Helplessness on characters and society have been explored in a new dimension which will effectively broaden the contours of the research repository.

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Department English

Language English

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