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Title ادب اور لسانیات:"گردشِ رنگِ چمن" میں کوڈسوئچنگ اور کوڈ مکسنگ کا تجزیہ

Author(s) Rabia Akhtar

Abstract Code-switching and code-mixing are features of a bilingual society. It refers to the simultaneous use of more than one language in the same conversation. These two terms have different meanings. In code switching, language switching occurs externally at the level of sentences or whole linguistic processes, while in code mixing, language mixing occurs within sentence boundaries. As a result of migration and colonialism, people speaking different languages need a common language when they communicate with each other. In this case code switching and code mixing takes place. Codeswitching and code-mixing exist in almost every society and language in the world. As a result, languages arise and flourish. In modern times, its importance has increased many times. Thanks to the Internet, the world has become a global village. Due to the ease of communication, people from distant regions have become very close to each other. So different languages are also coming closer to each other. As a result, the number of languages in the world is decreasing. Due to code-switching and code-mixing, languages with higher assimilation capacity continue to absorb many other languages. These languages include English and Urdu. Their use is common in both spoken and written contexts in the Indo-Pak region. The subject of this research is the study of different types and reasons of code switching and code mixing in Quratul Ain Haider‟s novel “Gardish-e- Rang-e- Chaman”. Many local and non-local languages are used in the novel, but due to its frequent use, the focus of research has been made on the English language. This research paper is divided into four chapters. The first chapter presents “Introduction to the topic and basic discussions”. In the second chapter, the theory of “code switching and code mixing” is applied to the novel and in this context an attempt is made to find its described types in the text of the novel. Hoffman has presented six types of code switching and code mixing. The first type is Inter-Sentential. There are hundreds of examples of this in the novel, but on analysis, one example of each type of word, compound and phrase is presented under the sub-headings of words, compound imperfect, compound perfect and phrases. The second type is Intra- Sentential. Most of the material related to this has been discovered in the novel. Therefore, for its analysis, the material is classified and xi one example of each type of word and compound is presented under words, compound imperfect and compound perfect. The third type is Intra-Lexical. Under this too, a lot of material has been found in the novel. Which mostly consists of „Asmaa‟. The English and Urdu mixed nouns, plurals, adjectives, genders, qualities and accusatives found in the novel have been analysed. The fourth type is Emblematic .In the dialogic text of the novel exclamations are used at places which represent different human emotions and expressions. In addition, there are certain terms that are used on special occasions and are symbols of a particular culture. Under emblematic an example of each type of exclamatory and idiomatic word is presented. The fifth type is Establishing continuity with the previous speaker. Related to this, examples have been discovered in the novel, some of which have been analyzed. The last type is change in pronunciation. The material related to this is not present in the novel. The final part of the paper aims to explore the causes of code switching and code mixing that Hoffmann has described in his theory. These are seven causes in total. The first reason is Talking about a particular topic. In this regard, no example has been found in the novel. Another reason is Quoting somebody else. A lot of related material has been discovered. Which contains quotes, sayings, poems, idioms and terms, abbreviations, proverbs, specific names, expressions of books and signs. An example analysis is presented as a sample. The third reason is Being Emphatic about something. Under it, repeated words and compounds and words used with the purpose of highlighting the importance of something are presented. The fourth reason is Interjection, Inserting sentence fillers or sentence connectors. Under this reason, exclamations and conjunctions have been analyzed. The fifth reason is Repetition used for clarification. Below this reason, there are words and phrases with the same meaning which have been explained in Urdu as well as in English. The sixth reason is Intention of clarifying the speech content for Interlocutor. Under this, no material was found in the novel. The last reason is Expressing Group Identity. A few examples are presented in the related material as examples. Although several languages are used in the novel, the main focus of the research is on the English language. Apart from languages, many trends and styles of expression can be seen in the novel which lead us to new fields of research.

Type Thesis/Dissertation MS

Faculty Languages

Department Urdu

Language Urdu

Publication Date 2023-04-04

Subject Urdu

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