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Title وجودیت اور اردو شاعری : معاصر اردو غزل میں فرد کی آزادی کا تصور

Author(s) Muhammad Bib Iftikhar Ahmad

Abstract The struggle of existence is eternal and will remain forever. The philosophical movement of existentialism lightens the complication and deepness about the human existence with full details. Existentialism is a western movement which started in 19th century in Denmark. Later on, it came up as a complete philosophy because of the writings and thoughts of French and German thinkers. Individual freedom has always been the most important subject. Philosophical movement of existentialism extremely emphasizes on individual’s freedom and liberty. In this research, Jean-Paul Sartre's lecture "Existentialism is a Humanism” has the status of basic philosophy. In addition, it is an element of existentialism that all existential thinkers agree on.In this thesis, an analytical study of the ghazals of selected contemporary Urdu ghazal poets, Mir Ahmad Navaid, Sabir Zafar, Qamar Raza Shahzad and Akhter Usman, has been done with reference to the concept of freedom of the individual. Which is the basic and most important element of existentialism. Selected poets have prominent place in contemporary Urdu ghazal. Poets are selected in terms of subject matter that have a clear tendency for individual freedom. In this thesis, only those poets are selected who have discussed individual freedom as major and most important subject matter.The chapters of this thesis include the introduction of the subject of research and basic discussions, elements of freedom of choice and thougt, elements of the freedom of action in contemporary Urdu Ghazal and overall review, results and recommendations. With the completion of this research work, we conclude that existentialism has the most basic and important value in the freedom of the individual. The concept of individual freedom is expressed with all the details in the chosen poets work. Contemporary Urdu Ghazal should also be studied in the context of new existentialism, According to Colin Wilson, Sartre frequently discusses freedom and what he will do with it when the world is meaningless.Like Europe, we have a metaphysical interpretation and a atheistic interpretation of existentialism. The two schools must be studied independently and compared in order to determine the dominant existentialist tendency. Despite the fact that much effort has been made in this study to link the idea of freedom with the philosophy of action and responsibility, further research is still needed. In order to determine if freedom is unfettered or responsible, modern poets should be studied with reference to the philosophy of responsibility with the concept of freedom.

Type Thesis/Dissertation

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Department Urdu

Language Urdu

Publication Date 2023-04-04

Subject Urdu

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