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Title Impact of Income inequality and population Density on Carbon Emission in Pakistan.

Author(s) Ms. Zainab Fatima

Abstract The world has been facing crises of social, global and environmental. This study is relating to the environmental degradation. Current study inspects the effect of income disparity and population density along with urban population, GDP square and per capita GDP on the emissions of carbon in the case study of Pakistan. For such purpose, the approach of ARDL bounds testing used for the data from year 1985 to 2020. Data collected from different sources, including World Bank (WB) and World Inequality Database (WID). Empirical results for the carbon emissions confirm the presence of long run co-integration relation amid population density and income inequality. The outcomes of this study specify that there is direct relationship of carbon emission with income inequality, population density, GDP and urban population. The estimated results specify that as the income inequality rise in Pakistan, the emission of carbon also rises. This study also confirm that as the population density increases it will increase the carbon emissions. By applying Breusch-Godfrey Serial Correlation LM Test, we conclude that there is no existence of serial correlation in the data. CUSUM and CUSUMSQ specify that the parameters are stable. The empirical outcomes of this study offer policy implications to confirm the policy of distributive and make distribution of income equal to attain stability of economy and control CO2 emissions and implement improvement of detail policy in Pakistan that can control the growth of population. Keywords: Environmental degradation, population density, income inequality, carbon emission, Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL), Pakistan.

Type Thesis/Dissertation

Faculty Management Sciences

Department Economics

Language English

Publication Date 2022-12-08

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