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Title Determinants of Time Allocation Decision to Labor Market and Non-Market Work in Pakistan

Author(s) Sidra Yaqoob

Abstract Thesis Title: Determinants of Time Allocation Decision to Labor Market and Non-Market Work in Pakistan Time allocation to the paid market work and unpaid non-market work has an important impact on the development process of the country. The labor market of Pakistan is quite complex and faces a number of enormous odds. On one side, females in our country face a number of socio-economic and cultural problems that hinders their way to join the paid labor market work. On the other side, participation of males to the labor market has been gradually shrinking in the recent past. As far the non-market is concerned, a large number of females in our country are involved in a number of unpaid household activities. But, their valuable services in the production of household commodities are never recognized at the individual, societal and national level. Therefore, this thesis analyzes the determinants of time allocation to the paid labor market work and unpaid non-market work in Pakistan. The time allocation behavior of males and females is examined with respect to selected social, economic, and demographic variables by using the cross-sectional data from the Pakistan Labor Force Survey (2017-2018). Logit, probit, OLS, tobit, and instrumental variable techniques are applied for the sake of analysis. The important findings of the study suggested that age has a positive and age square has a negative relationship with the number of hours allocated per week to both paid labor market work and unpaid non-market work. Both educated males and females allocate relatively lesser time to the labor market work as compared to their uneducated counter parts. In case of non-market work, educated females allocate relatively lesser number of hours per week to housework and household agricultural work but relatively more number of hours per week to the child work. Empirical results of marital status provided evidence that both married males and females allocate more time to the labor market work. Similarly, married females allocate more time to both housework and child work. Presence of small children in the family has a positive relation with time allocation of males to the labor market work but negative relation for females. However, females having small children in the family allocate more time to the non-market activities. The results indicate that males from larger household size and joint families allocate more time per week to the labor market work and negative for females. For non-market work, a negative association exits between joint family system and time allocation to the housework and household agricultural work. On the other hand, females from joint families allocate more time to the child work. Males and females from all occupational categories allocate relatively lesser time to the labor market work as compared to their counterparts from elementary occupation. Similarly, males and females from Sindh, KPK, and Baluchistan have a lower LFP and time allocation to the paid market work as compared to that of Punjab. However, females from Sindh, KPK, and Baluchistan allocate more time per week to the non-market activities as compared to the Punjab.

Type Thesis/Dissertation PhD

Faculty Management Sciences

Department Economics

Language English

Publication Date 2022-03-15

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