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Title The Role of Pashtoons of Baluchistan in Paksitan Movement: A Case Study of Jogezi Tribe

Author(s) Muhammad Anwar

Abstract Baluchistan is a province comprising of huge stretches, dry mountains, the land of contrasts, deserts and a few green basins. There are some characteristics of Baluchistan which are very prominent in the region: the scarcity of water, the cultivable land and the scattered population of human and the natural resources. These prominent features of Baluchistan always attracted the foreigners to occupy this huge land mass easily. This is because of the geostrategic location and importance of Baluchistan and it is bordering with Afghanistan and Iran. Baluchistan has been occupied many times by the foreign invaders in the past and the people residing in this region are very different in their habits, way of living and recognized by their environment. The British occupied this region of the united India and therefore their advent in Baluchistan was not inimitable. The reason of the occupation of Baluchistan by the British imperialists and other powers to exercise their influence was to get control of the area. These imperialist powers met with immense resistance and especially in the Pashtoon residing areas of Baluchistan. The resource rich area of Baluchistan always attracted these powers. The British interest in Baluchistan was to counter the Russian advancements towards the South and the Russians wanted to have their entrance to warm waters through the route of Baluchistan. The British wanted to expand towards the South and used different tactics to strengthen their hold in this region. The British government also paid a huge amount of money to the Khanate of Kalat at regular period of time and supported by the local levies forces. The British government of India signed different agreements with the Khanate of Kalat and Sir Robert Sandeman of the British government explicitly pursued the policy of divide and rule. The Sandeman was successful in his v mission and Baluchistan was divided into British Baluchistan and the states of Baluchistan. This ‘divide and rule’ formula of the British government was successful in the territory of Baloch tribe but extensive army actions had to be taken in Pashtoon territory of Baluchistan. The British occupation and the number of military operations and resistance faced by them were in the Pashtoon areas of Baluchistan. The resistance movements headed by the people of Zhob, Loralai, Pishin, Duki, Sanjawai and Sherani. The Pashtoons of this region considered the British occupation of Baluchistan as a threat and a big challenge for them in their indigenous land and against the interests of their cultural, social and religious sensibilities with the adjacent country Afghanistan. The British were to face difficult situations in the Pashtoon inhabiting areas of Baluchistan and they started a war against British on religious grounds. The British government placed their troops at fort Sandeman (Zhob) in the supervision of Sir Robert Sandeman and they controlled the region from this station. The resistance movements and war against the British in this region were led by the Sardars, Malik’s, and Nawabs of the eastern and northern parts of Baluchistan. Jogezai family is the family which resisted and fought against the British rulers in this area. Shah Jahan Jogezai and Nawab Bangul Khan Jogezai are leaders which were always on forefront of the confrontation against British in every corner of the Pashtoon areas

Type Thesis/Dissertation

Faculty Social Sciences

Department Pakistan Studies

Language English

Publication Date 2022-01-05

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