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Title الرثاء في الشعر الأردي والعربي في العصر الحديث ( دراسة مقارنة)

Author(s) Atta Ullah Rahim

Abstract Abstract (Art of Elegy in Arabic and Urdu poetry) An elegy is considered to be one of the most significant arts and the most prominent themes which relates to the phenomenon of death in Arabic poetry and specifically in pre-Islamic poetry. Human death is an inevitable because it has engaged the intellectual minds and thoughts of philosophers, literary writers and poets. Researchers say that elegy was actually a kind of exorcism and pray for a departed soul who would get comfort, peace and tranquility in his grave. But later on, this concept was developed and converted into weeping, lamenting and mourning over grief. Beside this, good qualities of the dead person were recalled so all these concepts were significantly proved to be the definition of elegy. The Arab nation has saved huge heritage of elegies. Anywhere, elegy has true sentiments, pain، agony and anxiety that arouse from the core of his heart. The Arab has recognized term elegy from the period of pagan when males and females were weeping over the departed soul and they were standing on the grave while describing their good qualities. The primitive method of elegy was to carve on king’s grave. Later on, it reached the climax by its solidarity of words and clarity in expression. The research is based on comparative study of art of elegy in Arabic and Urdu poetry of 19th century. All kinds of elegiac in Arabic and Urdu poetry have been elaborated. The history of elegy, the famous elegiac poets of both languages of 19th century with its verses have been described. Similarities and difference in both languages have been detected and explained. Most of the elegies in Urdu poetry was initiated from the incident of “Karbala” and specified to the martyr of Hazrat Hussain (RA) whereas in Arabic poetry the elegy was based on diversity. This diversity of elegy is based on protagonist, leaders, ancestors, mother maid, cities, kingdom, death of poets, authors and on the poets themselves before their death. Of the most famous poets of lamentation in Arabic poetry: Al-muhalhil and Al-Khansaa in pre-Islamic era; Hassan and Mutim bin novairah in Islamic era; Almutannabeh and ibn-Al Rumi and abuTammam in Abbassian era; Abu Al-Baqaa al Randi and Ibn al-aabar in andulus era; Al-Akhtal Al Sagheer in the modern era. Most of the elegies in Urdu poetry initiated from the incident of “Karbala” and specified to the martyr of Hazrat Hussain (RA). This concept has created in Urdu poetry in the north of India “Dhakkan”. It became strong in 18th century in Lucknow by these authors: Mir Zameer, Khaleeq, Mirza Faseeh, Anees etc. The fact was that the progress made after saudaa were the above mentioned writers especially Zameer was the person who has changed the method of elegy. It has reached to the apex in the period of Dabeer and Mir Anees. In 20th century, the art of elegy has taken a new shape. It is impossible to delineate the initiated period of elegy. Some historian said that the first elegy person was Qali Qutub Shah in Urdu poetry. Of the most famous poets of Iamentation in Urdu poetry: QaliQutub Shah, Sheikh Ahmed Shareef (Dhakkan poets); Fazal Ali Fazal (North India-18th century); Mir Zameer, Khaleeq, Mirza Faseeh, Anees, Dabeer (18th century-Lucknow).

Type Thesis/Dissertation PhD

Faculty Languages

Department Arabic

Language Arabic

Publication Date 2018-10-30

Subject Literature

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